Benign:This is the most common outcome of FNAB. The typical finding is a nodule filled with colloid protein, a normal component of the thyroid. Benign nodules can be followed over time with serial physical exams or ultrasound exams. Further intervention is only necessary if enlargement occurs or...
A nodule demon- strating this US pattern is highly likely to be a PTC. Nodules with the high suspicion pattern and measuring ‡1 cm should undergo diagnostic fine-needle biopsy to refute or confirm malignancy. However, in the absence of evidence of extra- thyroidal extension, metastatic ...
Results The incidence of a clinically significant TC within the ≥4 cm nodule was 22 % (83/382 nodules). The presence of suspicious US features did not discriminate malignant from benign nodules. Moreover, in 86 nodules ≥4 cm with no suspicious US features, the risk of TC ...
The variables entered into the RECPAM model were those used in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (listed in the footnotes of Table 1), with the exception of the nodule volume. The maximum diameter of the largest nodule was preferred over nodule volume because it is easier to obtain...
The cutoff tumor size of 1.5 cm currently suggested by thyroid nodule management guidelines would be accept- able if cancers 1.5 cm or larger showed poorer clinical outcomes compared to tumors smaller than 1.5 cm. Some studies were cited in guidelines for FNA of thyroid nodules to support...
(A) The ROC curve of citrate showing the ability as a discriminator of a thyroid nodule. (B) Multiple ROC curve analysis showing that all the seven metabolites had additive values in discriminating benign thyroid nodules from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). The single most important ...
This is provided that the nodule is not large (4 cm or greater; or >1.5 inches), overactive/toxic (causing hyperthyroidism), progressing in size, symptomatic, part of a goiter that is extending into the chest cavity (substernal goiter), or pushing on the windpipe (tracheal) or swallowing ...
63 Conversely, over the years, many investigators have reported that the size of a follicular neoplasm is a useful clinical predictor of malignancy.12,24,64–66 For nodules with a diameter greater than 2.5 cm, surgical removal is recommended, unless the nodule is shown to be “hot” on ...
a lump or nodule that can be felt in the neck is the most frequent sign of thyroid cancer the lymph nodes may be swollen and the voice may become hoarse because the tumor presses on the nerves leading to the voice box some patients experience a tight or full feeling in the neck and ha...
A sudden increase in size of a previously noted nodule over a period of a day or more may indicate hemorrhage, whereas cancerous growth is usually progressive over several weeks to months. A history of head and neck irradiation is especially important to ascertain, since this increases the ...