The influence of ENSO on lightning and thunderstorm characteristics for four different regions and seasons, for the time period from 1996 to 2013. The four regions are bounded by the red boxes shown in the map (upper panel) and are located in the Philippines for DJF (a), China for MAM ...
H. Influence of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation on tornado and hail frequency in the United States. Nature Geoscience 8, 278–283 (2015). 17. Amerasekera, K. N., Lee, R. F., Williams, E. R. & Eltahir, E. A. B. ENSO and the natural variability in the flow of tropical rivers...
Given the diverse range of impacts associated with thunderstorms, seasonal forecasts of thunderstorm activity could potentially have a wide range of benefits for groups such as industry, government, insurance and emergency services. Despite the chaotic nature of weather22, the nonstationarity of large-sc...
Atmospheric electric fields and atmospheric discharges have been intensively studied in recent decades using radars, 3D lightning map arrays (LMA, [21]), worldwide lightning location networks (e.g., WWLLN, [22]), and very-high-frequency interferometer systems [23]. These measurements are coupled...
Bulgaria is a country with a high frequency of hail and thunderstorms from May to September. For the May–September 2010–2015 period, statistical regression analysis was applied to identify predictors/classification functions that contribute skills to thunderstorm forecasting in the Sofia plain. The fu...
(b) Large-scale map for locations of the GNSS network (red points). Three stations— HKKT, HKNP, and HKOH, were employed in this study. 2.2. Methods The ionospheric TEC series was calculated by the geometry-free combination of dual-frequency GNSS carrier phases for each satellite–...