The influence of ENSO on lightning and thunderstorm characteristics for four different regions and seasons, for the time period from 1996 to 2013. The four regions are bounded by the red boxes shown in the map (upper panel) and are located in the Philippines for DJF (a), China for MAM ...
The sensitivity of the accelerometers is 10.2 mV/(m/s2) whereas the frequency range is 0.5–5000 Hz. The sensor resonant frequency is larger than 25 kHz. Six general use uniaxial strain gauges F-series GOBLET, type FLAB-5-350-11 –Tokyo Measuring Instruments Lab (sampling rate 100 Hz) ...
Working in this field, a wide research program has been conducted in the framework of a collaboration agreement between the University of Genova, Italy (UNIGE) and the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania (UTCB), establishing a long-term high-frequency continuous monitoring ...
Bulgaria is a country with a high frequency of thunderstorms during the warm part of the year, from April to September. A pan-European study of thunderstorm climatology [1] reported that the regions with the highest frequency are (1) the central Mediterranean, (2) the Alps, (3) the Balkan...
The working principle of GLD360 is basically similar to any ground-based lightning location system, but the sensors are distributed around the world to achieve global coverage. The network sensors locate the very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signal of lightning return strokes and send the ...
hail-producing orographic thunderstorm; lightning mapping; very high frequency (VHF) radiation; charge structure; total lightning rate1. Introduction Lightning is the product of the development of a convective weather system to a certain magnitude, with close ties to the development of both the ...
(b) Large-scale map for locations of the GNSS network (red points). Three stations— HKKT, HKNP, and HKOH, were employed in this study. 2.2. Methods The ionospheric TEC series was calculated by the geometry-free combination of dual-frequency GNSS carrier phases for each satellite–...