Heat transferPressure dropTransientMomentumThe transient model of thermal components usually consists of three basic governing equations: continuity equation, energy equation, and momentum equation. For different reasons, the momentum equation is used in three different forms: transient, steady-state, and ...
high-fidelity models such as direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations (for example, ref.14). Experimentally, although not without its complexities, producing
In the previous studies, it was confirmed that there is a microlayer that forms between a growing bubble and the heat transfer surface in nucleate pooling ... Z Chen,T Taguchi,Y Utaka - 《Transactions of the Jsme》 被引量: 0发表: 2014年 加载更多来源...
17,18, thermal behavior models19,20,21, and aging behavior models22,23,24. The electrochemical model is a mechanistic framework that employs reaction kinetics equations to describe the operational processes of the battery from an electrochemical perspective...
3D Navier–Stokes equations and a standard k-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall function are adopted to model the turbulent flow inside the pores. Both local and macroscopic turbulence characteristics for different particle types (cubic, spherical, and ellipsoidal particles) and array forms [...
This study aims to fill the knowledge gap between two distinct forms by doing experimental research on two shapes that can handle a wide variety of Reynolds numbers, with flow orientations either parallel or perpendicular to the body's major axis....
These equations are solved numerically using the CFD techniques to obtain the temperature and velocity fields. Discretized forms of the governing equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, all of the ...
this rigid motion not influencing in any way the body characteristics. The geometric equations, expressing the strain tensors\varepsilon _{ij},\gamma _{ij},\chi _{ijk}and the vectorv_{k}, in relation to the motion variables, and the continuity equation have the following forms, according ...
From Reference [45], it is found that the microstructure scale is determined by the combined forms of G and R. Their ratio G/R is directly related to the morphology of the microstructure, while their product GR (representing the cooling rate) determines the scale of microstructure and the la...
These enhanced surface tubes show superior heat transfer characteristics through the mixed effects of surface structures, which include increased heat transfer areas and interficial turbulence, secondary flow generation, and boundary layer disruption. After that, Kukulka et al. [8,9] experimentally ...