Some rib attachments are made via long connective-tissue fibers; these ribs do not actually contact the respective vertebra, and there is no obvious structure on the (cleaned) vertebrae to suggest rib attachment. For this reason, dogmatic adherence to narrow definitions of numbers of thoracic or ...
vertebrae2–7 (C2–C7) and first 7–8 ribs and inserts on the costal surface of the scapula. More importantly, the right and left serratus ventralis muscles, along with the superficial pectoral muscles, act as a sling to support the trunk and its weight between both thoracic limbs. Thesub...
, particularly focusing on rib morphology.#Based on three-dimensional computed tomography, patients were categorized into the non-variant number group, comprising individuals with 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar vertebrae, and the variant number group, comprising individuals with different numbers of vertebrae....
We measured the above angles as the craniovertebral angle, formed by intersecting two lines connecting the ear tragus to the C7 vertebra and the horizontal line connecting to the C7 vertebrae. A cranial angle is formed by crossing two lines connecting the ear tragus with the C7 vertebrae and ...
thoracic vertebrae Lung Lung, pleura N/A Lung N/A Left cervical lymph node, retroperitoneum Left cervical lymph node Left supraclavicular area Bone, left hip Liver Brain Brain, liver, kidney and bone Brain N/A Lung N/A N/A N/A Lung N/A N/A Brain, diaphragm Liver Liver Lung N/A Lun...
(c) The normal CSA was measured on the pedicle section of the same vertebrae. (d) The APD was measured at the compressed level as well as at two normal levels above and below the compressed level. Full size image Surgical techniques The patient was carefully arranged in the prone position...
(Group O) for sex, age, body mass index, the consecutive surgery numbers, type of disease, instrumented level, laterality, the pedicle diameter, the inclination angle of the transverse process, and Hounsfield units (HU) at the base of the transverse processes of the instrumented vertebrae....
FJA was more frequently seen in vertebrae with syndesmophytes formation (p < 0.001). GEE showed that patients with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and high BMI (> 24.9 kg/m2) were more likely to have FJA in thoracic spine (odds rations [95% confidence interval]: 0.27(0.12–0.59), ...
The thoracic vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum form the thoracic cage, the skeleton of the chest (Figure 5.4). This protects the thoracic organs; the respiratory muscles are also attached to the thoracic cage. The ribs and their movements with inhalation and exhalation There are 12 pairs ...
but the incidence is relatively low.3In a population-based study done in the 1980s, the incidence of thoracic aortic aneurysms was roughly 5.9 cases per 100,000 persons per year.5Since that time, the incidence ofthoracic aneurysmhas increased significantly with recent reported numbers as high as...