1.5–2.5 μm thick CIGS layer is enough to form CIGS based thin film solar cells because of its direct band gap, whereas in the case of Si based solar cells, the Si needs thicker layers about 250 μm owing to indirect band gap. In the veteran CIS thin film solar cells, 1–20 μm...
For example, for Fe films on GaAs(001), the uniaxial anisotropy energy per unit volume falls in inverse proportion to the thick- ness of the film, characteristic of an interface effect23. It is likely that the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy observed for the CuMnAs film has a similar ...
The oxidant/EDOT dispersion was spin-coated on 15 × 15 mm glass substrates at 1.5 krpm for 30 s to form 180 nm thick films. Films were thermally annealed at 100 °C for 15 min to initiate the polymerization reaction. Afterwards the films were sequentially washed with...
Our analysis shows that Namba's model that uses the measured surface roughness provides the best description of the resistivity-thickness behavior in sub-40-nm thick Cu films. Introduction There has been a dramatic scaling-down of device size and increase in device densities of integrated circuits...
Arrows indicate the interconnectedness of the different approaches. Thick black boxes/arrows: this work. Thin boxes/arrows: previous works. Text on arrows gives brief descriptions of the approximations/manipulations made Full size image 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equation In ...
Phase diagram of YBCO thin films. Zero field critical temperature as a function of charge carrier density,nH, obtained by Hall effect measurements at 100 K for thin YBCO films grown by PLD (200 nm thick, cyan diamonds) and CSD (250 nm thick, red circles). Vertical line marks optimally do...
Carbon dioxide plasticization and conditioning effects in thick vs. thin glassy polymer films. Polymer 2011, 52, 1619–1627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Sih, G.H.; Michopoulos, J.G.; Chou, S.C. Hygrothermoelasticity; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1986. [Google ...
While the precursor is drying down, the composition is becoming denser, turning into a thick gel substance. The method allows precise control over morphology composition, process temperature, and thickness of produced films. The process starts by preparation of a precursor of water–soluble salts. ...
2. Description of the stellar samples and observations The stars were selected purely based on their kinematic prop- erties. Briefly, we assume that the velocity components for the halo, thick disk, and thin disk all have Gaussian distributions. ...
3Ideally, we should reconstruct a linear‘thickdescription’(to use the famous term of the late Clifford Geertz [1926–2006]) of theexperience of the average initiate,mystês.4We are prevented from doing thisbecause some of the main sources of rather scanty literary information are Christian...