1.5–2.5 μm thick CIGS layer is enough to form CIGS based thin film solar cells because of its direct band gap, whereas in the case of Si based solar cells, the Si needs thicker layers about 250 μm owing to indirect band gap. In the veteran CIS thin film solar cells, 1–20 μm...
For example, for Fe films on GaAs(001), the uniaxial anisotropy energy per unit volume falls in inverse proportion to the thick- ness of the film, characteristic of an interface effect23. It is likely that the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy observed for the CuMnAs film has a similar ...
The oxidant/EDOT dispersion was spin-coated on 15 × 15 mm glass substrates at 1.5 krpm for 30 s to form 180 nm thick films. Films were thermally annealed at 100 °C for 15 min to initiate the polymerization reaction. Afterwards the films were sequentially washed with...
A new eddy current technique using a co-planar coil configuration (ECCPC technique) has been developed and tested quantitatively in the laboratory and under real conditions in a nuclear reactor tank to detect thin resistive and/ or magnetic layers on fuel rods. First a short description of the...
FIGURE 7. (a) Plot of 1/α vs. 1/IQE for a textured (thick) wafer-based silicon solar cell [71] and (b) textured 4-micron-thick silicon solar cell [72]. We will not discuss the details of the somewhat involved analysis in which Basore shows that the slopes and intercepts of the...
Arrows indicate the interconnectedness of the different approaches. Thick black boxes/arrows: this work. Thin boxes/arrows: previous works. Text on arrows gives brief descriptions of the approximations/manipulations made Full size image 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equation In ...
After growth, a 100 nm thick surface decoration layer of patterned Ag is deposited on the surface by sputtering at RT (SI-Fig. 1a). This Ag layer catalytically enhances oxygen exchange activity of YBCO during the following oxygenation process, as a job sharing mechanism facilitates the ...
In the present study, we will therefore assume that the films are thick enough such that they can be assumed as closed films, and not as a sort of island films. This clearly restricts the relevant thickness range from below, such that we restrict on films with a minimum thickness close ...
While the precursor is drying down, the composition is becoming denser, turning into a thick gel substance. The method allows precise control over morphology composition, process temperature, and thickness of produced films. The process starts by preparation of a precursor of water–soluble salts. ...
Product Description Function of Leveling machine Under the condition of large elastic-plstic bending, no mater how different the original bending degree, the CNC precision leveling machine uses the "Bauschinger effect" of the material to bend the plate repeatedly, gradually reduce ...