XPS shows the presence of B2O3 and presumably boric acid in wear track of the Nb-B film, indicating that the low friction for this film is due to the lubrication from a boric acid film. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge Hanna Fager at the Thin Film Physics division, Linköping ...
Property as Boundary Lubricants. Setcia. lR. eUpl.tr5a,t1h2in86M9;odSo 2 iN: 1a0n.o1s0h3e8e/tssrewpi1t2h8S6u9p(e2r0io1r5)E. xtreme Pressure This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this ...
Under very thin film condition with local direct contacts at the start-up or in arthritis joints with low viscosity synovial fluid, other protective lubrication mechanisms such as mixed, weeping, boundary and gel film lubrication are expected to perform lubricating actions. In this paper, the role...
While the optical micrographs shown in this figure depict the hole formation stage, the AFM images show the early stage of surface undulations of the PS film confirming the onset of spinodal dewetting. Image (IA) shows that a thin and highly viscous PMMA layer dewetted with very large hole-...
Using the lubrication approximation and the averaging method, we formulate the coupled sets of equations governing the pulsatile and the averaged fluid flows in the film, and then derive the nonlinear amplitude equation for the averaged film thickness. We show that there exists a window in the ...
Lubrication at the Frontier: the Role of the Interface and Surface Layers in the Thin Film and Boundary RegimeMurakamia, T., Sawaea, Y., Horimotob, M., & Nodac, M. (1999). Role of surface layers of natural and artificial cartilage in thin film lubrication. Tribology Series, 36, 737...
Using the lubrication approximation35,45,60,61, the governing equation for liquid flow inside a thin film could be modified so as to include the body force (magnetic force) term and is given as dPl dx = µ d2u (x) dy 2 + β (4) where, μ denotes the viscosity of the liquid ...
(for a 1.0 × 1.0 µm2area) and a large quantity of grain boundary as shown in the SEM and AFM images (Supplementary Fig.11b, d). XRD diagram of the thin film illustrates the Bragg diffraction peaks of 5.52°, 10.86°, 12.92°, and 16.22° corresponding with the faces of...
Thus, formation of boundary lubrication becomes difficult giving rise to increase in friction coefficient [78]. Figure 4 shows that ta-C films have ultra-low roughness (RMS roughness ~0.12 nm) and that are independent of the film's thickness, thus providing films equally smooth when 11 or 60...
Simultaneously, film thickness was also calculated from the original BFP images without vibrational compensation. All the obtained film thickness results are presented in Figure 9. Figure 9. SiO2 film thickness measurement experiments using the proposed method: (a) results of a film with nominal ...