The main difference here is that the force as a function of the waveguide number tends to behave in a quasi-linear fashion. Thus the forces are maximum at the edges of the array and minimum close to the center. In the third and fourth columns, U = −0.5 and U = −0.3,...
Nevertheless, an overall energy yield based upon two different forms of energy (heat and electricity) is generally not very representative of the real potential of the global energy because of the difference in the energy quality between electricity and thermal energy. In order to evaluate the pote...
The study discusses the potential benefit of partial water removal and reactant feeding for energy-efficient reactor design. Keywords: methanation; water removal; reactor design; CO2 conversion; irreversibility1. Introduction Economic growth, energy use, and CO2 emissions are associated with one another...
This heat transfer conveys energy from a system at a higher temperature to a system at a lower temperature, at a rate that depends on the heat transfer mechanism enabled (conduction, convection, radiation, or a combination of thema) and on the temperature difference between the systems....
Secondly, the electromotive force of a fuel cell (that is the maximum potential difference across the electrodes of a cell when no current is being taken from it) can be calculated by considering the electrochemical equilibrium set up when a fuel cell is studied potentiometrically....
(e.g., shrubs or grasses only) in response. Additional leaf area then becomes less advantageous, or even infeasible. The inherent thermodynamic difference above and below the treeline is the following: the potential dissipation capacity of the ecosystem is greater below the treeline than above, ...
In such system, the diffusive transport of solutes along the grain-grain boundary can become the limiting step for deformation and the diffusion distance can be either the grain contact radius (Robin, 1978; Weyl, 1959) or the size of the actual contacts (den Brok, 1998; Gratz, 1991) in ...
In particular, the Boyd model may indicate whether the rate-limiting step of sorption is the movement of the solute through the stagnant film around the external surface of the sorbent (known as external or film diffusion) or within the sorbent particle (intraparticle diffusion, which may be ...
To evaluate the biosorption potential ofAlhagi maurorum, several parameters were assessed. The dye removal efficiency and the amount of ARS adsorbent one the sorbent (q) was determined using the following equations (Eq.1and Eq.2, respectively) [32]: ...
potential m B . For a substitutional impurity we have dN A = dN B [see Eq. (1)], and m has the meaning of the chemical potential difference, m m B m A . (8) Because of the conservation of the total number of atoms in the interface, it is the chemical potential difference that...