Energy itself, while easy enough to define in mathematical terms, is among the more elusive quantities in physics in terms of what it fundamentally is. There are many forms of energy, and it is easier to define energy in terms of the limits on its arithmetic behavior than it is to...
Recent achievements in measuring pulsar mass and mass-radius relation further indicate a stiff equation of state and a self-bound surface. Therefore, we conjecture that matters inside pulsar-like compact stars could be in a quark-cluster phase. The surface of quark-cluster stars is chromatically ...
Conversely, if we want to increase the temperature of a room, it is silly to use high-quality energy to do it. While the equation for efficiency is found using the first law of thermodynamics, the American Physical Society study “Efficient Uses of Energy” points out that the second law ...
关键词: General Physics 摘要: Thermodynamic random processes in thermal systems are generally associated with one or several relaxation times, the inverse of which are formally homogeneous with energy. Here, we show in a precise way that the periodic modification of relaxation times during temperature...
K. Behnia, in Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics (Second Edition), 2024 Definition Heat travels inside solids due to a property called thermal conductivity. The magnitude of thermal conductivity is specific to each element, alloy, or compound and is defined by the equation relating the heat...
The thermal conductivities of materials are extremely important for many practical applications, such as in understanding the thermal balance and history of the Earth, energy conversion of devices and thermal management of electronics. However, measureme
Whereas the tadpole self-energy yields a dynamical mass, the sunset self-energy is responsible for dissipation and an equilibration of the system. In particular we address the dynamics of the spectral ("off-shell") distributions of the excited quantum modes and the different phases in the ...
In continuous media, mass conservation is preserved by the continuity equation ∂ρ/∂t + ∇·(ρv) = 044. If the density varies with time, we inevitably expect mass movement with velocity v (Fig. 1c). Since thermal energy is inherent in any material, the movement introduces a...
In subject area: Physics and Astronomy Thermal radiation refers to the mode of heat transfer that occurs in various practical scenarios such as power plants, combustion chambers, and heat exchangers. It involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves emitted by objects due to their temp...
Some analytical solutions of the full 1D heat equation with boundary conditions were proposed in the literature [22]. In this lumped capacitance model, the approach is very useful for full scale buildings (walls and indoor ambient). However, as long as the components are added to the “wall ...