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Birari and Patil (2014) state that individuals should practice and gain basic financial skills to manage their expenditures and acquire well-developed planning to avoid being in financial difficulties. Many factors may lead to irrational financial behaviours from individuals—for example, excess consumpti...
creating a situation of excess liquidity in the banking system. On the other hand,Chen (2008)looks at the lending side and notes that the Chinese excess liquidity is not absolute but relative because some industry sectors have difficulties in accessing credit when banks hoard excess liquidity but...
Although this definition suggests that financial innovation includes a broad spectrum of things. The use of the word popularization connotes a focus on specific types of financial innovations, which creates confusion. This is because popularization implies a need for the innovation that has been create...
Such attacks dealt a serious blow to welfare economics, which has waned in popularity since its heyday in the mid-20th century. However, it continues to draw adherents who believe—despite these difficulties—that economics is, in the words of John Maynard Keynes, “a moral science.” ...
The first thing that comes to mind as one follows the debate among economists about the crisis is that economic theory was locked into a bubble that has now burst. The reactions have either been to ignore this and just to wait for the cr... A Kirman - 《Financial Crisis Discussion》 被...
[HAL 11].Complexity theoryis the science of studying complex adaptive systems, as they appear in biology, crowd control and engineering. The increasing complexity of the financial system and the financial crisis of 2008/2009 have brought the theory to the forefront of our thinking about systemic ...
comparison of transaction and management costs has become the focusing conceptualization of the transaction cost theory / Difficulties with it have gone unrecognized:[0] Purchasing inputs (**substituted for purchasing nearly complete goods) → hence, in-house production does not constitute a clear elim...
In the financial sector, alternatives to traditional datasets, such as financial statements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings, can provide additional ways to describe the running status of businesses. Nontraditional data sources include indi
Herbert Simon (1955) introduced the notion of bounded rationality, which recognized these difficulties, and Kahneman et al. (1985), along with many other scholars, produced the heuristics and bias approach to describing the formation of expectations that recognized the importance of these limitations....