In the past, several researchers have worked to provide an integrative meta-theoretical framework for classifying motivational processes. Hyland’s (1988) motivational control theory used a system of hierarchically organized control loops to explain the direction and intensity of goal-orientated behavior. ...
(2.1). At this point we note that the energy in eq. (2.3) is not the simple sum of phonon energies plus the energy of the background flux tube. That is to say, our interpretation of the states in terms of free phonons, with corresponding momenta, is a fiction. Nonetheless it ...