(Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, and others), focusing on the concept of 'surplus value' - the difference between the full value of a worker's labour and the wages received for this labour. This is a key concept for Marx since in his view the capitalist maintains power through controlling ...
Such labor often exploits people who are imprisoned to do work that is vital to society—including firefighting, farming, or manufacturing consumer goods—with wages that can be less than a dollar per hour in highly coercive working conditions. Although there is call to end prison labor today, ...
Intemational migration is conceptualized as a form of investment in human capital. People choose to move to where they can be most productive, given their skills; but before they can capture the higher wages associated with greater labor productivity they must underiake certain investments, which ...
It is at the heart of disputes not over absolute wages but over wage differentials—indeed, at the heart of disputes over rewards other than wages. In what kind of proposition may we express observations like these? We may say that wages and responsibility give status in the group, in the...
The ascetic millionaires of Europe like Indian penitents or pillar saints, they stand on one leg each on his column, with straining arm and pendulous body and pallid looks, holding a plate towards the people to collect the wages of their abstinence. In their midst, towering up above al...
We are trusting that the county will not deplete the purchasing power of the 2% Land Fund by paying out more than 1 salary, wages or benefits. The intent is to have: more properties purchased, more matching funds obtained and more Maintenance Funds granted to the non-profits to care for...
with lower wages and fewer career prospects, when they entered traditionally 'male' fields (law, medicine, business, etc.) their treatment remained disproportionally 128Minow (1990). 129Réaume (1996), p. 273. 130Minow (1987). 84 A. Álvarez del Cuvillo et al. worse.131 Therefore, ...
This assertion was corroborated by different management theories since the works of Frederick Taylor on 'The Principle of Scientific Management 'in 1911 and Henry Gantt on 'Works, Wages and Profits 'in 1913. Modern employees 'motivation management methods have evolved over time which discredited ...
Familiar topics covered include: the division of labor, economies of scale, wages, profit, international trade, market mechanisms, and money. These are considered in the light of the well-known non-Walrasian schools of thought: the classical, Marxian, Austrian, and Cambridge schools....
All three approaches predict a positive association between education and wages, but they differ in regard to its underlying causes. We argue that these theories may be fundamentally differentiated in terms of their implications for productivity, and we provide some relevant findings using productivity ...