The key issues in monetary theory are the ontology of money, endogenous versus exogenous money, interest-rate determination, the choice of the monetary policy instrument, and the neutrality versus non-neutrality of money.关键词: Keynes money and banking endogenous money central banks interest rates ...
For example, this may mean that as a company produces on a larger scale, average costs fall (internal economies of scale), but also that costs will decline if numerous other businesses are established in the vicinity (external economies of scale), or both. Key Terms interest rate • The ...
and employers were also able to withstand the loss of income for a longer period than could the employees. This idea was developed to a considerable extent byJohn Davidson, who proposed inThe Bargain Theory of Wages(1898) that the determination of wages is an extremely complicated process involvi...
The sociocultural learning theory emphasizes the importance of cultures in learning. According to this theory, people of different social and cultural backgrounds may have different ways of learning. To ensure we teach in ‘culturally sensitive ways’, we should make sure we are aware of the ways...
Theories of foreign direct investment have been reviewed through several theoretical lenses, and any attempt to organize them requires a determination of which structural approach to follow. As the aim of this chapter is to identify theoretical and metho
TypesofAssetApproachModels •MonetaryApproachtotheExchangeRate—theexchangerateisdeterminedbyrelativemoneydemandandmoneysupplybetweentwocountries(seeChapter17).•PortfolioBalanceApproach—atheoryofexchangeratedeterminationwhicharguesthattheexchangerateisafunctionoftherelativesuppliesofdomesticandforeignbonds.18-5 Copyrigh...
The time series properties of price, dividend and earnings series for the aggregate stock market, as well as of interest rate series, are compared with an efficient markets model. For this purpose, price-conditional vector autoregressions, i. e., vector autoregressions that put price per share ...
market behavior, setting prices, and formulating economic policies. For further exploration, related topics include supply and demand, consumer theory, production theory, and market equilibrium. These subjects provide deeper insights into the mechanisms and implications of value determination in economic ...
Price-level determination requires co-ordination of monetary and fiscal policy to ensure a unique rational expectations equilibrium (REE). This paper derives a number of implications for simple interest rate rules resulting from various fiscal strategies. We show that fiscal choices under either the mo...
Notes on Biodiversity Conservation, The Rate of Interest and Discounting From macroeconomic models, it is clear an increase in the level of aggregate investment can be associated with a rise or fall in the rate of interest ... CA Tisdell - 《Economics Ecology & Environment Working Papers》 被...