between the front and the rear lines. The war will have broad unprecedented scope and will be the most destructive in the history of mankind.“Under present conditions, when nuclear bombs can reach any continent in a matter of minutes and devastate vast territories, a world conflict would mean...
Ibn al-Athir wrote that the Mongols were able to drive a wedge between the combined Qipchaq-Alan tribes, persuading the Qipchaqs to form an alliance because of their ethnic similarity to the Mongols. Having overcome the various Caucasian tribes in the region the Mongols then turned on the ...
In 1274 and 1281 the Mongols, who had conquered China and Korea, undertook two expeditions against Japan, both unsuccessful. The social division of labor developed in Japan. Trade and craft corporations, the za, rapidly increased in number beginning in the 13th century. Feudal cities grew: 40 ...
Saint Augustine of Hippo,born in 354 A.D., was from the present–day area ofAlgeria, North Africa.He died in 430 A.D. when the Vandals, who had become Arian Christians, invaded North Africa and attacked Catholic and Donatist Christians. Vandals were...
To make matters worse for the Japanese, the Yuan forces also used poison-tipped arrows, catapult-launched explosive shells, and a shorter bow that was accurate at twice the range of the samurai's longbows. In addition, the Mongols fought in units, rather than each man for himself. Drumbeat...
Once the Mongols invaded Persia, he tried to strike alliances with many of his former enemies. He sent emissaries to Caliph al-Nasir in Baghdad, to the Ayyubid sultan Ashraf in Aleppo, and to the Seljuk Turk sultan, ‘Ala al-Din. ‘If I am removed, you cannot resist them,’ he ...
Monkeys were very much part of the earliest myths and religions of south Asia long predating the Silk Roads. For example, the monkey appears as a divine being in theRigveda, and then notably with Hanuman taking on various roles in theRamayana. Numerous terracotta figurines have been found at...
Mongol armies which invaded China and created the Yuan Dynasty The Big, Bag Ming Dynasty Walls Fast forward a century later: The Chinese regained power in 1368, after they drove the Mongols back north—signaling the start of theMing Dynasty(1368-1644). All of the modern sections of the wall...
Between 1220 and 1256, Iran was conquered by the Mongols. This conquest was accompanied by the destruction of numerous cities, the desolation of entire regions, and many deaths. A predatory system of taxes and obligations was introduced, and the peasants were tied to the land. These conditions...
The peace was not broken until the 1250s, when the Mongols - who had already seized north China and part of Sichuan - conquered Dali (1253), invaded Dai Viet (1257-1258), and then sent an army from Dai Viet into Guangxi in 1259. This army, commanded by Uriyangkhadai, comprised 3,...