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The grape is one of the oldest and most important horticultural crops. Grape and wine aroma has long been of cultural and scientific interest. The diverse compound classes comprising aroma result from multiple biosynthetic pathways. Only fairly recently have researchers begun to elucidate the genetic ...
In other angiosperms TFs and signal transducer genes are preferentially retained as duplicates after whole genome duplication (WGD) events [45–48]. This was popularly explained by the gene balance hypothesis [49], which suggests that genes participate in the formation of macromolecular complexes, or...
Water potentials measured in dying trees or saplings were found to be associated with a 50% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity (50% loss of conductivity, PLC50)4. Thus, these water potentials at PLC50 (P50; or the very similar P88 in case of angiosperms) are thought to represent ...
The RRs are divided into two major classes, type A and type B, based on a phylogenetic analysis of their amino acid sequences and their domain structures. The type-A ARRs are primary cytokinin response genes [29] and consist of a receiver domain with a short extension at both the N- ...
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is widespread in angiosperms and plays a crucial role in plant evolution and diversification [5,6]. Through WGD events, tandem repeats, transposable element-mediated repeats, and retrotransposon duplications, genomes can increase in size and gene number. This results in...
Evolutionary developmental studies in ferns are particularly challenging, because ferns have fewer genetic tools available when compared to angiosperms, but their efforts paid off by providing previously unknown insights into fern leaf development and evolution (Vasco et al., 2013b, 2015, 2016; Ambrose...
cell grows, genes are transcribed, and DNA replicated. During cell division, by contrast, eukaryotic chromosomes are compacted, precluding transcription or replication, and attach by their centromeres to microtubules of the mitotic spindle, which moves them into daughter cells. The problem of nuclear...
The mitochondrial genome ofC. soulattricomprises 24 core PCGs, similar to other typical angiosperms43,44,45, and six variable genes. It is also relatively larger than the mitochondrial genome ofG. mangostanaby 1.89%20. This disparity can be attributed to the presence of a greater number of rib...
Mesozoic mammals are usually depicted as having lived in the shadows of their larger dinosaurian contemporaries, but this new fossil convincingly demonstrates that mammals could pose a threat even to near fully-grown dinosaurs. The Yixian Formation—and the Chinese fossil Jehol Biota more broadly—...