Studies of Phaeodactylum tricornutum have identified a sulfated glucuronomannan as a major cell wall component that might be widespread in diatoms [30]. However, monosaccharides other than mannose and glucuronic acid have been identified in frustules, including fucose, galactose, glucose, xylose, ...
"Sugars are known to be unstable in strong acid or base [and further] ribose [of RNA fame] and other sugars have surprisingly short half-lives for decomposition at neutral pH, making it very unlikely that sugars were available as prebiotic reagents." Thus monosaccharides and disaccharides, for...
The antidiabetic drugs acarbose and voglibose, competitively inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase enzymes in intestinal villi, thereby decreasing the breakup of disaccharides (such as sucrose) and oligosaccharides (such as galacto-oligosaccharides) to monosaccharides (such as glucose), prior to abso...
As deduced from the synthesis, accumulation and consumption of oligosaccharides described in both Figs 1 and 2, the non-processive synthesis of LMW levan may be summarized in three stages or phases as follows: Figure 2 Formation kinetics of monosaccharides, disaccharides and trisaccharides during ...
which are also recurrent, do not carry these specialised pathways for fucose or rhamnose consumption indicating a niche that is likely independent of the utilisation of these two monosaccharides. Despite the limited number of spectra that can be associated to heterotrophic bacteria in metaproteomes dur...
The reduction of sugar intake by adults has been stated by the World Health Organization as an important strategy to reduce the risk of non-communicable di
Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the last two elements usually present in the same proportions as in water. They are classified into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides contain from three to nine carbon atoms,...
The structures of the various carbohydrate antigens are unique, often being characterized by repeating units in the polymer structure. Indeed, all types of monosaccharides, including L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) and L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose), are found in bacteria, together with rarer,...
Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. Characterizing the structural components and biosynthetic pathways for these polysaccharides is key to our ability to design vaccines and other preventative therapies that t
Prebiotics can be dietary fibers that are a source of complex polysaccharides whose glycosidic linkages can be cleaved by specialized bacterial enzymes in the colon leading to monosaccharides that then can be fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) [15]. SCFAs such as acetate, propionate or...