Lampreys are sometimes said to pass through an initial female stage or female intersexual stage, because mitosis and meiosis appear to occur in most larvae regardless of future sex. However, meiosis and oocyte growth are more synchronized and extensive in female larvae, and the extent to which ...
In the human genome, TRs are also frequently found in genes that control body morphology128,129. For example, compared with synteny blocks, evolutionary breakpoint regions in the human genome contain more base pairs associated with TRs, with AAAT being the most frequent motif130. These TRs with...
This threshold value of δ is especially relevant since, when drive is limited to the meiosis of one sex (as it usually is), the value of δ for the species, averaged across the two sexes, is necessarily ≤1/2. Taking into account the relative numbers of linked and unlinked loci, Eqs...
PiRNAs can directly target the 3'UTR of mRNAs and regulate their expression through posttranscriptional regulation [7,56]. Similarly to miRISCs, piRISCs usually target the mRNAs through perfect pairing of nucleotides in the seed region at the 5'end and have less stringent requirements for complem...
The highest degree of sex-bias in gene expression was found in the gonads, as expected in a gonochoristic organism. Expectedly, testis-biased transcripts encoded proteins with functions pertinent to testicular cells, e.g. spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and meiosis. Testis-specific and testis-bia...
once every 20 meiosis. Assuming the most drastic selection scenario where the frequency of the advantageous variant is nearly 100% in the population after a punctual selection event (exposure to chemical treatment of lice infestation), the frequency of a 5 cM haplotype associated to this mutation ...
In the presence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the concepts of lineage and genealogy in the microbial world become more ambiguous because chimeric genomes trace their ancestry from a myriad of sources, both living and extinct. We present the evolutio
Theeukaryoticcellnucleusisthelargestorganelleandhousesthegeneticmaterial(DNA)onchromosomes.(Inprokaryotesthehereditarymaterialisfoundinthenucleoid.)Thenucleusalsocontainsoneortwoorganelles-thenucleoli-thatplayaroleincelldivision.Apore-perforatedsaccalledthenuclearenvelopeseparatesthenucleusanditscontentsfromthecytoplasm.Sma...
Fields such as behavioural and evolutionary ecology are built on the assumption that natural selection leads to organisms that behave as if they are trying to maximise their fitness. However, there is considerable evidence for selfish genetic elements th
such that crossovers occurring closer to the telomere associate with a higher rate of pregnancy loss for both variants. The protein product ofC14orf39, SIX6OS1, is a component of the synaptonemal complex central element and mice lacking this protein are infertile due to failure in meiosis I (...