Forests are spatially and temporally dynamic, such that forest degradation is best quantified across whole landscapes and over the long term. The European Union’s forest degradation policy, which focuses on contemporary primary forest conversion to plantations, ignores other globally prevalent forestry pr...
The termVlimin Eq. (5) refers to the maximum, and limiting, rate of the reaction (in experimentsVlimis measured asvrefin the absence of competing enzyme). Provided with the value of [E]50and the values of the parameters of the reference reaction, the apparentkcat/\({K_{{\rm{mH}}_2...
The term “footprint” refers in general to traces left or caused by human beings through the consumption of resources while guests in this physical ... Bridging the Nano and Macro Worlds: Shadowing and Reemission 01 September 2010 | Murat Yuksel | Issue 77 (September - October 2010) Under...
The concept of liposomes was originally introduced by Bangham et al. in 1965. Today, it commonly refers to small closed vesicles with a bilayer wrapped in an aqueous structure formed by dispersing phospholipids and other lipids in water. Due to their structural similarity to biological membranes, ...
Supercritical CO2extraction is an interesting alternative green solvent to hexane. This is attractive since CO2is low cost, inflammable, relatively inert, has low toxicity and a wide range of solvent properties depending on its temperature and pressure [200]. The term supercritical refers to a fluid...
(1991) Free radicals accelerate the decay of long-term potentiation in field CA1 of guinea pig hippocampus, Neuroscience, 44: 353-359.PELLMAR TC, HOLLIDEN GE, SARVEY JM. Free radicals accelerate the decay of long-term potentiation in field CA1 of the guinea pig hippocampus [J...
Determine the subsurface water content in the South-Pole Aitken Basin: Subsurface water on the Moon is a precious resource which would be needed for long-term human presence of humans on the Moon. It is thus critical to understand the amount of water on the Moon. Because the South-Pole Ait...
The term oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS consist of molecules that include reactive free oxygen radicals and the stable non-radical oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2is considered to ...
Although the term “ferroptosis” was first coined by Dixon et al. in 2012 (Fig.1a), a similar form of neuronal cell death triggered by cysteine depletion called “oxytosis” was reported by Murphy et al. back in 1989;8this neuronal cell death was induced by the excitotoxin glutamate b...
Long-term chronic inflammation accelerates aging in the body [30]. An abundance of evidence has shown that chronic inflammation is closely related with ovarian aging [31]. Clinical studies have found that the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-21 were significantly higher in POI patients than in hea...