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Objective: Dysmenorrhea is an incapacitating type of visceral pain that affects numerous menstruating women and is defined by painful menstrual cramps and often occurs in the absence of pelvic pathology. Women with dysmenorrhea have reported higher sensitivity to experimental pain, and vulnerability to ...
1. Introduction Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is defined as dysmenorrhea resulting from nonpelvic organic lesions [1]. The clinical manifestations of PDM include lower abdominal spasmodic pain during menstrual periods accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting, and lumbar and leg pain [2]. Oral ...
Another pro tip: Always have backup. This is likely a no brainer for those who are no stranger to heavy flows, but consider bringing different kinds of backup with you, like tampons of different sizes as well as menstrual discs, so you can choose what makes the most sense in the moment....
Key inclusion criteria were healthy Caucasian women who experienced term (beyond 37-week gestation) and spontaneous vaginal delivery as nulliparous parturients without any use or request of any form of systemic or regional analgesia (spinal or epidural). We excluded women who had major diseases or...
potentially through mechanisms such as the modulation of neuronal membrane potential, strengthening synaptic connections through long-term potentiation, and enhancing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [22,23,24]. Thus, tDCS can help establish causal relationships between brain regions and...
Making this picture more complex, people with chronic pain have high rates of nonspecific symptoms including fatigue, bowel and bladder symptoms, sleep dysfunction, headache, dysmenorrhea,1, 57,59, 86 and both psychological and emotional factors, such as depression and anxiety, are established ...
Hypercontractility of this layer has evolved as an advantage with respect to the survival of the mother and the birth of a living child during delivery and may be experienced as primary dysmenorrhea during menstruation. It may result in tissue injury by the sheer power ...
Strong or long-term noxious activation of astrocytes and microglia within the spinal dorsal horn can lead to the aberrant synthesis and release of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and IL-1β. The overarching effect of these neurokine signals in excitatory synapses contributes to central ...
The ‘Wu-Ling-Zhi’, a preparation derived from faeces of the complex-toothed flying squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes) is used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, as well as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, swelling and aching due to traumatic injury...