When nanoparticles are dispersed and stabilized in a base-fluid, the resulting nanofluid undergoes considerable changes in its thermophysical properties, which can have a substantial influence on the performance of nanofluid-flow systems. With such neces
waterpower - the power to do work that is latent in a head of water 3. power - possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination" ability cognition, knowledge, noesis - the psychological res...
(STAT) energy transports are calculated explicitly from the meridional wind v and the moist static energy h = cpT + Lvq + gZ, where cp is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, T is the air temperature, Lv is the latent heat of vaporization of water, g is the ...
Specific gravity(SG)is the ratio of the mass of a product when measured against the mass of an equal volume of water. Because specific gravity is expressed as a ratio, it has no measurement units. However, the SG can vary according to the temperature of the product. It is quite common ...
In addition, distance to waterway is also an important indicator since water availability is crucial for ecological stability. Moreover, topology factors are the characterizations of the Earth’s internal forces. Elevation and slope are evaluated as the most influential factors in this sub-system in...
1D thermodynamic model Heat budget Inflow River intrusion Lake Maggiore Enclosed-lake model 1. Introduction The heat budget of deep lakes is dominated by heat exchanges through the water surface, i.e. shortwave and longwave radiation, together with sensible and evaporation heat fluxes (e.g. Henders...
“heatofasystem,”youcanrefertoheatonlywhenenergyhasbeentransferredasaresultofatemperaturedifference.Section20.1UnitsofHeatHistorically,thecaloriewastheunitusedforheat. Onecalorieistheamountofenergytransfernecessarytoraisethetemperatureof1gofwaterfrom14.5oCto15.5oC. The“Calorie”usedforfoodisactually1kilocalorie.In...
Also, even if two surfaces have the same albedo, a surface's specific heat determines the amount of heat energy required for a specific rise in temperature per unit mass. The specific heat of water is some five times greater than that of rock and the land surface (see Table 4 below). ...
{d}}x\), whereθis potential temperature derived from observed temperature using SeaWater Matlab library,Cpis the specific heat of seawater,v(x,y,z,t) is meridional velocity, andxw,xeare the western and eastern endpoints of the section along 58 °N, respectively.v(x,y,z,t) equals to ...
Ocean circulation supplies the surface ocean with the nutrients that fuel global ocean productivity. However, the mechanisms and rates of water and nutrient transport from the deep ocean to the upper ocean are poorly known. Here, we use the nitrogen isot