1967. The rise of oxygen in the earth`s atmosphere with notes on the martian atmosphere. Advances in Geophysics, 12, 309-331.Berkner, L.V., Marshall, L.C. 1967. The rise of oxygen in the earth‗s atmosphere w
The rapid increase of carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s modern atmosphere is a matter of major concern. But for the atmosphere of roughly two-and-half billion years ago, interest centres on a different gas: free oxygen (O2) spawned by early biological production. The initial increase of...
Earth’s modern atmosphere is highly oxygenated and is a remotely detectable signal of its surface biosphere. However, the lifespan of oxygen-based biosignatures in Earth’s atmosphere remains uncertain, particularly for the distant future. Here we use a combined biogeochemistry and climate model to...
The history of the life–Earth system can be divided into five ‘energetic’ epochs, each featuring the evolution of life forms that can exploit a new source of energy. These sources are: geochemical energy, sunlight, oxygen, flesh and fire. The first two were present at the start, but ...
Earth remains the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Today, Earth’s atmosphere and oceans are rich in oxygen, but this wasn’t always the case. The oxygenation of the Earth’s ocean and atmosphere was the result ofphotosynthesis, a process used by plants and other ...
While preparing to teach an intro course on climate, I'm reminded of why we use the term climate change and not global warming. Yes, the Earth is warming from a thickening layer of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by us. But climate changes range from sea level rise to ...
[1] The establishment of an oxygen-rich atmosphere dramatically altered the evolution of life on Earth. Most of the recent discussion of the topic has been focused on the timing of the event rather than on its mechanism. Here we draw upon recent developments in the understanding of Earth's ...
Ozoneis a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, (O3). Ozone in the upper atmosphere absorbs high-energyultraviolet (UV) radiationcoming from the Sun. This protects living things on Earth’s surface from the Sun’s most harmful rays. Without ozone for protection, only the simplest life form...
atmosphere was reducing because there was no free oxygen. Most of the hydrogen and helium that outgassed would have eventually escaped into outer space due to the inability of the earth’s gravity to hold on to their small masses. There may have also been significant contributions of volatiles...
J. The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere. Nature 506, 307–315 (2014). Article Google Scholar Davila, A. F. & Schulze-Makuch, D. The last possible outposts for life on Mars. Astrobiology 16, 159–168 (2016). Article Google Scholar Veizer, J. & Mackenzie, ...