Since the reversible adiabatic process is isentropic process, the constant C could be expressed as a function of entropy through the statistical thermodynamic method. According to the different heat capacities and heat capacity ratios, the molecules of ideal gas are divided into three sorts that are...
for an ideal gas, ΔUt=0, and therefore, Q=-W. the heat absorbed by the gas from the surroundings is equal to the work transferred to the surroundings by the reversible expansion of the gas. At first this might seem a contradiction of statement 1, since in the surroundings the result...
An Irreversible Process Reversible pressure-volume work • For ideal gas 2 1 (reversible = ) V ex V W pdV p p dp 2 1 (ideal gas) V V nRT W dV V 1 2 2 1 ln ( constant) V V V dV W nRT nRT T V V 2 1 ln (ideal gas, reversible expansion, const) V W nRT T V pV ...
Reversible Work: Reversible work pertains to the highest amount of usable work output that can be produced from the smallest amount of work input. A system undergoing reversible work means that it can be returned to its ...
“reversible” signifies that the transfer must be carried out reversibly (without entropy production other than in the system). When a given quantity of energy is transferred as heat, the change in entropy is large if the transfer occurs at a low temperature and small if the temperature is ...
1.Thedirectionalityofaspontaneousprocess(irreversibility)a.Frommechanicalenergytothermalenergy b.Fromelectricenergytothermalenergy c.Heattransferfromahotobjecttoacoldobject d.Freeexpansionofgas e.Blending Directionalityofenergytransformationortransferhasbeenobservedinpractice.QQ'?2 Finitepotentialdifference(temperature...
When the flow of material from the ambient state reaches the dead state (T0 and P0), by a reversible process that includes only heat and mass transfer, and contraction and expansion, the amount of work obtained is equal to chemical exergy. According to what has been said, in order to obt...
However, thermodynamic equilibrium is enforced by the inclusion of reversible reactions between the liquid steel and slag phases. Including these equilibrium reactions in the model achieves component mass fraction ratios that are consistent with the equilibrium constants given in Appendix A.2, which have...
An information explanation of the cosmic creation process shows how the expansion of the universe opened up new possibilities for different possible futures. My cosmological work is based on suggestions made by Arthur Stanley Eddington in the 1930's and by my Harvard colleague David Layzer in the ...
If individual ultra-long nanotubes can be observed under an optical microscope through a facile and reversible method, nanotube characterization and manipulation will tremendously benefit its fundamental investigations and various specific applications. In this contribution, the individual and suspended ultra-...