Indeed, following LEFM predictions for a dynamic shear crack, Vr can be expressed following Vr = CR(1 − Gc/Γ) for sub-Rayleigh ruptures, where CR is the Rayleigh wave velocity, Gc is the fracture energy required to advance the slip front and Γ is the energy release rate....
doi:10.1016/s0165-2125(01)00100-7B.V. BudaevD.B. Bogy
2 is the average of the estimates of \(\alpha\) obtained from all sub-arrays sampling that pixel, weighted by the number of stations in the sub-arrays. The phase-velocity maps shown in Fig. 3 have been obtained analogously, from the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves, and are highly ...
We present a new 3-D S wave velocity model of the northeast (NE) China from the joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase velocity at 8–40 s periods. Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or Rayleigh wave Z/H (vertical to horizontal) amplitude ratio, is extracted from both earthq...
The dependence on θ is neglected because snow grains are much smaller than the wavelength, resulting in a smooth Rayleigh-type phase diagram (Tsang et al., 1985). The term 1n2z comes from the integration of δ(cosθ0) over θ at depth z in Eq. (6), using the change of variable ...
If we imagine a single particle being sent from a great distance away toward the two slits, the wave function that describes its “time evolution” or motion through space looks like a plane wave - the straight lines of the wave crests approaching the slits from below in the figure to the...
Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave that propagate near the Earth’s surface as ripples and cause a rotation that can be either prograde (along the direction of propagation) or retrograde (against the direction of propagation). They are also called ground roll due to the ...
Surface waves travel along the surface of the earth as two types of waves: Rayleigh waves have a horizontal shearing motion similar to an S wave, while Love waves have a rolling motion in the vertical plane much like water waves. Figure 3, shows the passage of both the Rayleigh and Lo...
probability of LH neurons increased around the times when the amplitude of beta oscillations was the highest (Extended Data Fig.1g). A substantial fraction of LH neurons was entrained by beta oscillations (21%, Rayleigh test); most were phase-locked to oscillation troughs (Extended Data Fig.1h...
S5) we can observe a retrograde sense of the ground particle motion as expected for a Rayleigh wave. Assuming a Rayleigh waves velocity of 2000 m/s we can estimate that the coupling between the pressure front and the ground occurs at an approximate distance of 10 km from the station....