This work reviews the long-term evolution of the atmosphere of Venus, and modulation of its composition by interior/exterior cycling. The formation and evolution of Venus’s atmosphere, leading to contemporary surface conditions, remain hotly debated topics, and involve questions that tie into many ...
Reversible first-order chemical reactions are described by forward (kon) and backward (koff) rate constants. However, in the case of Ca2+ diffusion and binding to a Ca2+ sensor for SV fusion, it has been argued that the first passage to the target is the dominant physical process influencing...
Traits were of binary nature when a functional property was present or absent (e.g., presence of chloroplasts in epidermis can adopt the categories “yes” or “no”), or adopted a set of categorical values e.g., stomatal control adopted three categories: (1) non-efficient control of stom...
we need to navigate between the risk of underreacting – which could prolong the inflationary effects of these shocks – and that of overreacting, which could
The crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic led most people all over the world to deal with a change in their perception and organization of time. This happene
Using historical data on Galician and Spanish speakers, we show that the rate at which shift dynamics unfold correlates inversely with the internal complexity of a region (approximated by the proportion of urban area). Less complex areas converge faster to steady states, while more complex ones ...
If the rate is below the wholesale electricity price, the developer pays back the difference. Thereby, CfDs provide revenue certainty to the developer and the investor. 3 The Chatham House rule states that “participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the...
A related question is whether it might be possible to develop a “universal” mathematical model that would embrace the protests with a significantly different decay rate. Addressing this question is one of the goals of this paper. Along with the changes in time, in many cases, riots and ...
This applies mostly to metals subjected to very low strain rate and stress levels, low enough as on the one hand, the Peierls barrier cannot be overcome solely by the applied stress; and on the other hand, that increasing the strain rate does not overtake the effect of temperature in ...
With the growth of e-commerce business volume, a large amount of express packaging waste is generated, causing certain damage to the environment. In response to this problem, the China Post Bureau pointed out the plan to strengthen express packaging recy