The purpose of life is “Pleasure,” and the avoidance of pain (algos). Prudence (practical wisdom) is considered the main means to achieve a happy life (eudaimonia), which guarantees the observance of limits even in enjoyment and the correct choice of what we will prefer or avoid (...
Which of the following refers to the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain? a. Skepticism b. Stoicism c. Hedonism d. Materialism. Which emotional state is most likely to be a cause of aggression? (a) pride (b) disgust (c...
Do they make behavioral trade-offs between the avoidance of pain and the pursuit of other valuable goals like finding a new shell or finding food? And to the extent that they do behave that way, we can become more confident that they can experience pain and suffering. This gives us ...
If one assumes that all acts are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain, one can only conclude that saints “must be” masochistic, deriving net pleasure rather than pain from their sacrifices. If one abandons the reductionist assumption and allows for other factors to ...
Insight and knowledge, Mill felt, were goals, above and beyond the seeking of pleasure and avoidance of pain, that people should and do strive for. Yet subsequent implementations of different conceptions of utility in economic theory have rarely dealt with the types of ‘higher’ pleasures ...
In her fiction, utilitarianism as utility, the pursuit of pleasure, utility, avoidance of pain, and calculation of pleasure over pain (the "felicific calculus") is shown by her, paradoxically, often to lead to wrongdoing, suffering, and even crime. For some of her protagonists, however, it...
Thus Rousseau's education of the young Emile confines itself to fostering the development of the faculties immediately connected with his preservation. His desire for the pleasant and avoidance of the painful is given by nature. His senses are the natural means to those ends. And the physical sc...
All thinking and behavior in the vein of pleasure seeking, inaction and sloth, and problem avoidance are unacceptable. Every one of us in the Party must do more to uphold Party leadership and the Chinese socialist system, and resolutely oppose all statements and actions that undermine, distort,...
Table of definitions 1. Introduction 2. Pain and pleasure as a phylogenetically old motivation system 3. The brain anatomy of pain 4. Chronic pain, central sensitization, centralized pain: an integrative approach 5. Pain and suffering are different 6. Suffering involves salience and context 7. Su...
Processing of the incentive for social approval in the ventral striatum during charitable donation. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 621–631 (2010). Article PubMed Google Scholar Kohls, G. et al. The nucleus accumbens is involved in both the pursuit of social reward and the avoidance of social ...