If punishment is voluntary and costly, self-regarding actors will refrain from punishing defectors and first-order cooperation will break down or not emerge at all. The punishment of defectors can thus be regarded as a second-order public good dilemma. It has been shown that the provision of ...
and the zero-sum mentality are in conflict with the needs of our times. humanity is in great need of new ideas that generate positive developments and conform to positive historical trends. there is no iron law that dictates that a r...
That notion of society was called later by another Polanyi, Karl Polanyi in the 20th century, the discovery of society, that society creates itself has its own rules, its own laws, its own emergent properties, independent of government, independent of God, and even independent of the past. ...
To build a global community of shared future, countries should advance democracy in international relations to make sure that the future of the world is determined by all, that international rules are written by all, that global affairs are governed by all, and that the fruits of development ar...
religion. But the concept of religion is important because “the definition of religion already decides whether religion is a universal phenomenon that simply varies in form or a historically determined phenomenon that emerges and passes away”3There are four epochs in Western modernity:Enlightenment, ...
notion that modular concepts spread because they were “in the air.” Intellectual historians such as David Hollinger, Anthony Grafton, and James Secord have developed more nuanced accounts of the circulation of ideas and practices that are embedded in discursive and material contexts. Following their...
are stepping or looking to step into leadership roles. At its core, the book emphasizes the idea that management, like any technical skill, can be learned and honed. It challenges the common notion that good leaders are born, not made, and argues instead that effective leadership is the ...
(1988) argued that being apolitical and critical does not necessarily include a loss of beliefs and no hope for change. Instead, Sloterdijk (1988) proposed a similar notion, “kynicism,” to argue that kynics and cynics both question the sincerity of everything, but the former expresses ...
“big country” of the old west; one could almost imagine John Wayne, with his patented pigeon-toed swagger, sauntering up to a bunch of Italian-American actors dressed as American Indians. (“Whaddya know?…uh, I mean…How.”…”Cut! Cut!”) It was pleasant and somehow liberating, ...
Recuperating an understanding of sex as emotional and feminine, politics as rational and masculine, "sexual McCarthyism" reminds us of the queering of Joe McCarthy while urging us to forget the politics that he represented.48 这让我们想到了最大的讽刺。在过去的十年里,麦卡锡的名字最常与"性...