Most of the crustal material on Earth is the product of partial melting of the mantle that produces basaltic melts16,17. Basaltic melts are produced mostly by decompression melting along mid-oceanic ridges in the upper mantle. However, both geophysical and geochemical evidence also suggests the ...
Night-time provides a critical window for slowing or extinguishing fires owing to the lower temperature and the lower vapour pressure deficit (VPD). However, fire danger is most often assessed based on daytime conditions1,2, capturing what promotes fire
The inner core is the most dense layer of the Earth. It is a solid, iron-rich sphere located at the center of the Earth. The immense pressure at the core causes the iron to be in a solid state, despite its high temperature. The inner core is believed to have a density of about 13...
The most common vegetation type on earth—grassland—is often agricultural in usage. Many are either directly grazed, or, as is the case for the most productive ones, harvested for hay which is then consumed when pasture is no longer growing enough to support cattle or sheep. Rapidly increasin...
Here, Roberts surveys evidence of the long history of plant cultivation in tropical forests and how it "give[s] us a remarkable lens into some of the most ecologically savvy farmers there ever were" (p. 131). These farmers left the forests largely standing, even if species composition was ...
In Xiong’an New Area and surrounding areas, the systematic and further research on hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in different aquifers under the influence of human activities has not been carried out. Pore-water is an important site for chemical reactions and frequent material ...
Due to their large variety of applications, their low supply and high demand, the rare earth elements (REEs) are presently viewed as being among the most critical chemical elements. Because of this, their potential recovery from end-of-life waste products has been extensively discussed both in ...
24. Saturn’s moon Titan has a dense atmosphere. Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, is unique in that it has a thick, dense atmosphere made mostly of nitrogen with traces of methane. The pressure on Titan’s surface is about 60% greater than Earth’s – comparable to the pressure beneath ...
Evaluating carbon’s candidacy as a light element in the Earth’s core is critical to constrain the budget and planet-scale distribution of this life-essential element. Here we use first principles molecular dynamics simulations to estimate the density a
In order to explore any distinctive electronic features of our proposed Earth core Fe-alloys, Bader charge analyses were conducted to evaluate the charge transfer between Fe atoms and impurity atoms in the systems, as shown in Fig. 346. For most impurities with relatively low ΔH alloys (before...