Following the discovery in the early 1960s that mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), there were two major advances, both in the 1980s: the human mtDNA sequence was published in 1981, and in 1988 the first pathogenic mtDNA mutations were identified. The floodgates were opened, and the...
A structure in the cytoplasm of all cells except bacteria in which food molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen and converted to energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. See more atcell. The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Cop...
Following the discovery in the early 1960s that mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), there were two major advances, both in the 1980s: the human mtDNA sequence was published in 1981, and in 1988 the first pathogenic mtDNA mutations were identified. The floodgates were opened, and the...
Mitochondria contain their own circular bacteria-like genome (mtDNA) that is physically separated from that of the cell nucleus. Metazoan mtDNA typically consists of a covalently closed circular molecule, tightly packed with a canonical set of 37 genes that encode for 13 inner membrane proteins, 2...
Mitochondria contain their own genomes that, unlike nuclear genomes, are inherited only in the maternal line. Owing to a high mutation rate and low levels of recombination of mitrochondrial DNA (mtDNA), special selection mechanisms exist in the female germline to prevent the accumulation of deleter...
ATP is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. Cells that require the most energy - such as the brain, heart, skeletal muscles, and eyes - contain the most mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own DNA and RNA so can increase their numbers in response to increased energy...
Mitochondria contain multiple copies of circular double-stranded DNA (mtDNA), which encodes tRNAs (22), rRNAs (2), and polypeptides (13) essential for oxidative phosphorylation. As almost the entire sequence encodes proteins or structural RNAs, a mutation anywhere in the ~ 16,000-bp ...
An aerobic process whereby cancer cells produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol rather than by oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria. Zipcode RNA sequence motifs cis-Acting regulatory sequences (25 nucleotides) in the 3′-untranslated regio...
We have annotated a total of 28 tRNA genes in theV. chinshanensemitogenome, out of which 25 are unique. Among these, 14 tRNA genes are native to the mitochondria. Additionally, we identified six tRNA genes that are derived from the plastid:trnD-GUC,trnP-UGG,trnW-CCA,trnH-GUG,trnN-GUU...
Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and