It is shown in [1, 2] that when a magnetic flux flows through the surface of an insulator, a stationary surface discharge, which limits the velocity of outflow of the magnetic lines, can appear. A theory of such
which represents the magnetic flux through a circular loop of radius \(r\,\sin {\theta }\) surrounding the polar axis of the BH. The angular velocity of the magnetic field lines takes the form $$\begin{aligned} \Omega (r,\theta )=-\frac{\partial _{r}A_{t}}{\partial _{r}\Psi...
Based on the almost fibril state of magnetic flux in astrophysical bodies we present a study of the stability of magnetic flux tubes which are described by the thin flux tube approximation. A stationary flow is allowed in the tube which in equilibrium lies in a vertical plane, while the ...
In this work, we present an electropermanent magnet (EPM) valve for electronic control of pneumatic soft actuators that is activated through microsecond electronic pulses. The valve incorporates a thin channel made from thermoplastic films. The proposed valve (3 × 3 × 0.8 cm, 2....
Relative motion of the magnetic field (which is assumed as co-rotating) compared to the circuit. Full size image The same argument can not only be made for case 6 in CCW rotation (field and closing wire spinning CCW is the same as the disc spinning CW in a stationary field), but the...
How to find magnetic field between two parallel current-carrying wires? A 0.60-T magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plane of a circular loop of radius 0.40 m. What is the magnitude of the magnetic flux through the loop?
This section presents an introduction to Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) and its basic principles that will pave a way for understanding of the subsequent literature review. AMBs are typically used as bearings, and have the unique feature of no contact between the stationary housing called the stat...
Therefore, each magnet self sustains its respective electromagnetic loads: the TFC are D-shaped to minimize in-plane bending moments [2] and their inboard straight legs are closed together by the centripetal load, setting up a ring; the CS stack sustains its radial expansion load through a ...
The stability of the strategy is validated through the design of a Lyapunov function. Additionally, an extended state observer (ESO) is integrated into the speed loop to enhance the system’s resilience against multi-source disturbances. 4. Execution of numerous simulation experiments to compare ...
A revision of the Dungey circulation model that describes the magnetospheric substorm process was introduced by Hones (1977). In this revision, magnetic flux transferred from the dayside builds up in the magnetotail during an interval when there is dayside reconnection and no reconnection in the near...