In the second half of the 5th century BCE, particularly at Athens, ‘sophist’ came to denote a class of mostly itinerant intellectuals who taught courses in various subjects, speculated about the nature of lan
The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa, India, and China. How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain, but anthropologists studying the evolution of human communities ...
Mobility has been consubstantial to many African societies for millennia and the low population densities and vast spaces of the continent have made it possible. Indeed, one of the greatest challenges to state building in Africa has been the ability of people to move away en masse and resettle...
In periods of strong influence from Mesopotamia the texts, economic and legal records, were written in Sumerian and Akkadian, that is, in the languages of Mesopotamia. There are indications that the genuinely Elamite business practice was entirely oral, so that writing need not have been an integ...
Mohenjo-Daro, city of the Indus Valley Michael Jansen The Harappan civilization, the world's fourth great civilization after those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China flourished in the valley of the Indus three thousand years ago. As yet little is known about it, but one enormous town - Mohenjo...
A further advance continued into central Mesopotamia towards the end of the War, as the British eventually reached the oilfields of Mosul before the Turkish surrender in November 1918. However, by that stage of the campaign, 'The historian cannot but feel that a sledgehammer was used to crush...
to some degree in the textbook. But especially for a student who is making her or his way through the book alone, the video lectures serve to reinforce the material in a new medium. Even a student taking a course with a live lecturer could benefit from watching these alongside the class....
this Council of Jerusalem event today supports this rejection. The early Christians were forced to decide what needed to be done for a man to become Christian. For generations the Hebrew people had circumcised all boys, following the clear command recorded in Genesis. Now the Christians had chang...
12 September 2022 / Published online: 31 October 2022 © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The constant deficiency of water modality will increase the incidence of complaint, predominantly for unguarded people in undeveloped republics, where practical doses and substitutes are not enthusiastically available...
The building block of ancient Mesopotamia was the mud brick, concocted from earth, straw, and water. The bricks were dry and stiff, valiant against the harsh Middle Eastern climate and its unrelenting heat. But they disintegrated over time. For a settlement to survive, surfaces had to be fort...