This review is concerned with the general history of the Kelvin equation (which relates vapour pressure to surface curvature) during the hundred years which have elapsed since it was first proposed. Included are considerations of the use to which it has been put and the testing of its validity...
This review is concerned with the general history of the Kelvin equation (which relates vapour pressure to surface curvature) during the hundred years which have elapsed since it was first proposed. Included are considerations of the use to which it has been put and the testing of its validity...
An electron microscope has been used to observe the evaporation of small (< 50 nm radius) gold particles resting on heated carbon substrates in a vacuum of 2.7 $\times $ 10$^{-4}$ Pa. Evaporation curves for liquid gold particles are found to agree with the predictions of Kelvin's ...
“Despite the promise of silk-based devices, the inherent disorder of native silk limits performance. Here, we report highly ordered two-dimensional silk fibroin (SF) films grown epitaxially on van der Waals (vdW) substrates… Scanning Kelvin probe measurements show that these films substantially al...
Interfacial fluctuations in complete wetting films give rise to important corrections to the macroscopic Kelvin equation for the location of the shifted first-order (condensation) transition that occurs when a fluid (or an Ising magnet) is confined between two parallel adsorbing walls. The wall separa...
This evidence includes thermodynamic arguments (based on the Kelvin equation)84 and numerous experimental studies (e.g. see refs. 85,86). However, Cheng et al.84 proposed that solid particles liquefy below a critical diameter, typically ~20 nm, that is inversely related to the temperature ...
using a pump with a PCD Dual-Valve pressure controller (Alicat Scientific, Tucson, AZ). These suction values were used because they correspond to pore size diameters of ~200 µm (coarse) and 6 µm (fine), respectively, using the Kelvin equation48. Pore water was collected into bor...
Thus, the Kelvin equation is due to the cur- vature effect. At a later date, the Kelvin equation was transformed (nor by Thomson, neither by Gibbs) into the so-called Gibbs-Thomson equation, by coupling the Kelvin equation 1 with the Gibbs equation on heteroge- neous equilibrium 2 to ...
where ρ is the material density, Cp is the heat capacity at constant pressure, 𝑢⃗u→ is the fluid flow rate, k is the thermal conductivity, and T is the Kelvin temperature.The Navier–Stokes equation is to describe the airflow, as shown in formula (3). ...
This review is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are coherent (turbulent) structures, flow generation, and transport barriers. Examples are pr...