BackgroundAlthough it is commonly held that survival to age 100 years entails markedly delaying or escaping age-related morbidities, nearly one-third of
Observations that HSIL is frequently found adjacent to tumor in women with invasive squamous cell carcinoma support the concept that HSIL is a precursor of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. In deeply invasive tumors, HSIL is seen in approximately one-quarter of the cases; however, in women with sup...
For many, the concept of inalienable rights has served an even more intensely practical purpose; it has become one of the keys to understanding and construing the system of rights secured by the ~onstitution.~ In fact, perhaps the central myth of modern American constitu- tional history is ...
The concept of 'toxic stress,' the cumulative and perni- cious effect of multiple, chronic environmental adversities, is believed to disrupt developing brain circuitry and other organ systems, having long-term implications for physical and mental health (Shonkoff and Garner, 2012). A similar ...
The basic concept of the FDM manufacturing process is simply melting the raw material and forming it to build new shapes. The material is a filament placed in a roll, pulled by a drive wheel, and then put into a temperature-controlled nozzle head and heated to semiliquid. The nozzle precise...
The fatal outcome in patients requiring mechanical ventilation is very high, close to 80% (116). The concept of COVID-19 related cytokine storm syndrome (COVID-CSS) arose from the need to explain the dysregulated immune response that occurs in some patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (6). ...
The interaction between the metabolic activities of the intestinal microbiome and its host forms an important part of health. The basis of this interaction is in part mediated by the release of microbially-derived metabolites that enter the circulation.
Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Sachdev, Naidoo, Christensen, and Jorm. Acquisition of data: Sachdev, Salonikas, Lux, Wen, and Kumar. Analysis and interpretation of data: Sachdev, Parslow, Salonikas, and Jorm. Drafting of the manuscript: Sachdev and Kumar. Critical revision of...
NF1is a tumour suppressor gene; in order for a particular cell to become cancerous, both alleles of a tumour suppressor gene must be mutated. This concept, known as the ‘two-hit’ hypothesis, was first proposed by Knudson, and the majority of NF1-associated tumours exhibit biallelic inacti...
. Quality of life is defined by the World Health Organisation as ‘an individual’s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and values systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept,...