The human heart consists of four chambers,two atria and two ventricles .Each is made up of several layers of cardiac muscles arranged in circles and spirals. During the contraction phase, called the systole, oxygenated blood is pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta and from there th...
The heart contains 4 chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles. The atria act as receiving chambers for blood, so they are connected to the veins that carry...
Intercalated disks are found between adjacent myocytes and combine the myocytes into muscle fibers. Excitation is conducted from one cell to another through the intercalated disks. The muscle fibers of the atria and ventricles originate at the heart’s fibrous rings, which surround the atrioventricular...
The human heart possesses four valves, each with a distinct function. Two of them are situated within the junction of the atria and the ventricles. These two valves are termed as the atrioventricular valves. On the other hand, the remaining two valves are located at the aperture of blood ves...
by the proteomic ruler (“Methods” section). The known markers for ventricles vs. atria, such as MYL2, MYL3, and LPL were clearly recovered as such, and our data set contains many additional ones, including the lysine methyltransferase SMYD2, which is thought to have a role in myocyte ...
producing theapex beat. This can be felt in the fifth leftintercostal space. The heart itself is built around a ring offibrous tissuecalled theannulus fibrosusthat separates theatriafrom the ventricles and contains the fourheart valves, as shown inFigure 5.4.6. The right andleft atriaare two ...
normal human heart, the tissue concentrations of both BNP and its mRNA are higher in the atria than the ventricles, but as the ventricles are larger than the atria, total ventricular content of BNP and its mRNA respectively correspond to ∼30% and ∼70% of that in the whole heart [37...
The heterogeneity of functional cardiomyocytes arises during heart development, which is essential to the complex and highly coordinated cardiac physiological function. Yet the biological and physiological identities and the origin of the specialized cardiomyocyte populations have not been fully comprehended. ...
Here, using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography, we present, in attitudinally appropriate fashion, the first 3-dimensional representations of the cardiac conduction system within the intact human heart. We show that cardiomyocyte orientation can be extracted from these datasets at spatial ...
The heart pumps blood in a specific route through four chambers (two atria and two ventricles). Every time your heart beats, the atria receive oxygen-poor blood from the body. And the ventricles contract (squeeze) to pump blood out.