Young athletes of both sexes are at risk of concussion, but girls report higher concussion rates than boys, particularly in high school and college soccer, basketball, and baseball or softball.28,43,44,45The fa
In parallel with the hormonal and biological changes associated with puberty, adolescence is a time of profound psychological and social transformation. During adolescence, the social world and the peer interactions it enables become increasingly important. Compared with children (aged <10 years), adoles...
When combined with demographic data, measuring the physiological changes that underlie dispersal timing among female bonobos provides further insights into their dispersal strategies. For primates, puberty starts with reactivating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, inhibited by the central nervous...
Young athletes of both sexes are at risk of concussion, but girls report higher concussion rates than boys, particularly in high school and college soccer, basketball, and baseball or softball.28,43,44,45The factors that account for these differences remain uncertain, but might include quality of...
One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 509–521 (2004). Article CAS Google Scholar Stukenborg, J. B., Colon, E. & Soder, O. Ontogenesis of testis development and function in humans. Sex Dev. 4, 199–212 ...
The breast is unique in that it completes the majority of its development after birth undergoing hormonally regulated changes during puberty. It varies moderately during each menstrual cycle, develops additionally during pregnancy, and differentiates following parturition during the process of lactation. ...
Alterations in neurobiological structures and hormonal milieu underlie plasticity during behavioural development. Consequently, it is hypothesised that behavioural patterns shown in adolescence are less repeatable and thus also less predictive of future behavioural phenotypes. In line with this hypothesis are ...
A calculation combining all lines of evidence can estimate the posterior probability that a particular gene variant is predisposing to disease. The expression of breast cancer genes in normal breast tissue and pathways that may underlie cancer risk (such as DNA damage response) could be used to ...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and represents 18% of cancer-related mortality and 11% of cancer incidence1. Yet, the biological mechanisms that underlie this aggressive tumour behaviour remain poorly understood. Multiregion sequencing provides an opportunity to lev...
“Stress” section). Within these sections, we introduce hormonal mechanisms and behavioral tools that could mitigate the negative consequences of failure. Much of the research we reference was not conducted in an educational context; thus, we make recommendations for future research that empirically ...