The former reviews maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during fetal life, infancy and childhood, and adolescence, concluding with mechanisms that underlie the normal adult ovulatory cycle. The regulation section reviews factors controlling the onset of puberty, regulation of gonadotropin ...
In the study performed in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes, they showed that male puberty in mice leads to changes in the gut microbiota that reinforce testosterone production, which is protective against the development of T and B cell functions linked to autoimmune disease...
When combined with demographic data, measuring the physiological changes that underlie dispersal timing among female bonobos provides further insights into their dispersal strategies. For primates, puberty starts with reactivating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, inhibited by the central nervous...
Young athletes of both sexes are at risk of concussion, but girls report higher concussion rates than boys, particularly in high school and college soccer, basketball, and baseball or softball.28,43,44,45The factors that account for these differences remain uncertain, but might include quality of...
Cognitive function relies on a balanced interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons (INs), but the impact of estradiol on IN function is not fully understood. Here, we characterize the regulation of hippocampal INs by aromatase, the enzyme respon
The postnatal mammalian ovary undergoes a series of changes to ensure the maturation of sufficient follicles to support ovulation and fecundation over the reproductive life. It is well known that intracellular [Ca2+]i signals are necessary for ovulation,
A calculation combining all lines of evidence can estimate the posterior probability that a particular gene variant is predisposing to disease. The expression of breast cancer genes in normal breast tissue and pathways that may underlie cancer risk (such as DNA damage response) could be used to ...
She had lost all of her baby fat, and her hair and nails grew normally, but she had not reached puberty. Her telomeres were considerably shorter than those of healthy teenagers, suggesting that her cells were ageing at an accelerated rate. All of this was evidence of what Walker dubbed “...
In parallel with the hormonal and biological changes associated with puberty, adolescence is a time of profound psychological and social transformation. During adolescence, the social world and the peer interactions it enables become increasingly important. Compared with children (aged <10 years), adoles...
One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 509–521 (2004). Article CAS Google Scholar Stukenborg, J. B., Colon, E. & Soder, O. Ontogenesis of testis development and function in humans. Sex Dev. 4, 199–212 ...