November 13, 2024: Canada reported severe H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b D1.1 in a teenager with no exposure history. Symptoms included conjunctivitis, fever, and pneumonia. Key mutations (positions 226, 190, H3 numbering) indicated higher human transmission risk [7]. December 18, 2024: First severe Loui...
Adaptive changes in HA modulate virus-host cell interactions. This study compared the HA genes of cattle and goat H5N1 viruses with the dominant avian-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the United Kingdom, focusing on receptor binding, pH fusion, and thermostability. All the tested H5N1 viruses ...
modulate virus-host cell interactions. This study compared the HA genes of cattle and goat H5N1 viruses with the dominant avian-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the United Kingdom, focusing on receptor binding, pH fusion, and thermostability. All the tested H5N1 viruses showed binding exclusively ...
The countries where human cases of H5N1 virus infection were recorded since 1997 are indicated in shades of green. LPDR: Lao People's Democratic Republic. The intensity of the colour correlates with the intensity of the reported cases. In brackets are indicated the number of fatalities against ...
Discuss newly discovered infectious diseases on the 10th anniversary of the SARS outbreak. Guangzhou Medical Journal , 2014 , 45(1): 77 -79 CrossRef Google Scholar [9] Yi HS, Chang HY, Hu YH, et al. Progress on origin and evolvement of avian influenza virus H5N1 subtype. Progress...
We also describe the ongoing challenges in metagenomic analysis and outline key themes for future research. A central question is how major events in the evolutionary history of animals, such as the origin of the vertebrates and periodic mass extinction events, have shaped the diversity and ...
A panel of influenza virus-like sequences were recently documented in fish and amphibians. Of these, the Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus (WSEIV) was found to phylogenetically cluster with influenza B viruses as a sister clade. Influenza B viruses ha
Review of influenza and influenza virus Influenza illness The clinical definition of influenza illness can be simply defined as the presence of a cough, history of recent-onset fever (≥37.8°C), and symptoms of fatigue.3 Definitive diagnosis of influenza is achieved by positive viral culture, te...
4). The continuous phylogeographic analysis also shows two virus introductions in West Africa, but the limited availability of viral gene sequences, in particular from the Middle East and the area surrounding the Caspian and Black Seas, hampers our accurate reconstruction of the history of the ...
Part I. History and Essentials of Viral Pathogenesis Introduction Chapter 1. The Human Toll of Viral Diseases Chapter 2. Historical Roots Chapter 3. Basic Concepts Chapter 4. Innate Immunity Chapter 5. Adaptive Immunity Chapter 6. Aberrant Immunity Chapter 7. Patterns of Infection Chapter 8. Viral...