By applying the principal component analysis‐based particle swarm optimization algorithm, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation is firstly calculated in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2p1 (GFDL CM2p1) to identify the optimal precursor (OPR) of El Nio. ...
The impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the late-winter extra-tropical stratosphere (January–March) is assessed in a multi-model fr
Climate model simulations The simulations were performed using the GFDL CM2.1 model adapted to late Eocene (38 Ma) boundary conditions. The control simulation, using atmospheric CO2of 800 ppm, is described in detail in Hutchinson et al.35. The model uses the palaeogeography reconstruction of ...
Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) experiments We performed experiments using the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2.1 (GFDL-AM2.1)45, which is available on a ~2 × 2.5 grid with 24 vertical levels. Using GFDL-AM2.1 we generate three primary sets of experiments in which we force ...
Novel joint IAM and the Earth System Model experiments are needed to deliver actionable probabilistic climate risk assessments. Key Points Probabilistic Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) simulations of future carbon dioxide emissions are used to evaluate the relative probability of greenhouse gases ...
Climate model experiments (GFDL-ESM2G) showing changes in the Indo-Pacific MOC (upper panels) and Atlantic MOC (AMOC, lower panels) due to changes in spatial and vertical location the internal-tide remote dissipation (80% of internal tide energy in all cases). (a) The Indo-Pacific MOC ...
We use NASA satellite data to assess the representation of clouds and water vapor structures in 28 climate models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Each model is assigned numerical scores based on its performance in simulating spatial mean, variance and...
Diagram showing features of the existing GFDL Hurricane Prediction System They hope that the new techniques will improve the forecasting associated with these severe weather hazards, and offer more lead-in time for the updating and implementation of evacuation plans and other mitigation measures. Lead ...
To further investigate the response of winter Barents Sea SIE to internal variability in Atlantic heat transport across the BSO (HTBSO), we seek insights from long-term pre-industrial control simulations that are available from three coupled climate models (GFDL CM2.1, GFDL CM3 and NCAR CESM)....
-ESM1.5, BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, GFDL-ESM4, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0 and NorESM2-LM under the r1i1p1f1 format. They were coded as CMIP6 models 1 to 8. The TWS anomaly for 2003–2017 was obtained from the GRACE RL05 Mascon dataset43(0.5° × 0.5°), whereas ...