1b, where a quark from each of the protons radiates a virtual vector boson (W or Z), which then fuse together to make a Higgs boson. Other processes, with smaller cross-sections, are: production in association with a vector boson or ‘Higgsstrahlung’ (VH) depicted in Fig. 1c, and ...
The simulation of the hard-scattering process is accom- panied by the so-called underlying event (UE) consisting of multiple parton interactions (MPIs), initial- and final-state radiation (ISR and FSR), and remnants of the interacting protons. According to QCD the strong interactions between ...
Many ecosystems have been shown to retain a memory of past conditions, which in turn affects how they respond to future stimuli. In microbial ecosystems, community disturbance has been associated with lasting impacts on microbiome structure. However, whe
The mass formula expressed in Eq. (11) was extended to the finite temperature case [48, 49] to study the deconfinement phase transition, in the form mi=mi0+Dnb1/3(1+8TΛe−Λ/T)−1+Cnb1/3(1+8TΛe−Λ/T), (30) where Λ=280 MeV is the QCD scale parameter whose value...
On the other hand, the most recent experimental upper limit on the neutron electric dipole moment |dn|<2.9×10−26e cm (90% CL) [4]3 translates to a stringent upper limit θ < (1.2 ± 0.6) × 10−10 using the formula in [5]. Why θ is so much smaller than the “natural”...
Now, you know that for a neutral carbon atom the number of electrons is six, the number of protons is six, but what is the number of neutrons? You can use the mass number to find this. Simply take M and subtract Z. For carbon this means that there are six neutrons. ...
It thus became necessary to find suitable conditions for complete O-acetyl removal while allowing the recovery of an intact polysaccharide. Graded treatments with alkali under a variety of conditions were tried on a small scale, and the reactions were monitored by 1H NMR (Fig. 3 B) and MALDI...
Even if an entity contains multiple components, only one InChI identifier is generated. The parts that relate to the individual components are separated by dots in the formula sub-layer and by semicolons in the other sub-layers. The protons sub-layer is shared by all components and always co...
[5], a new feature of the second diffractive cone in the differential cross-section of elastic scattering at largetandshas been identified arguing about the existence of two stationary points inat the LHC energies and relating those to the two-scale structure of protons at these energies. ...
If the electron mass, 𝑚𝑒me, and charge, e, appear in formulae it is to emphasise dimensionality, but it is implicitly understood that they should be assigned unit value. The (unquantized) multi-configurational Dirac-Hartree–Fock–Breit (MCDHFB) Hamiltonian for an N-electron atom with...