Colloid: Substance dispersed as small particles in water, typically 5–200 nm in diameter. Electrostatic surface forces are the key factor in determining their properties. Concentration factor: Equilibrium para
With the change in the manufacturing process from solvent-based to membrane-based fractionation, we obtained a slightly larger (Mw 22000 Da; Mn 7000 Da) but more reproducible fraction. A 7.5% solution (10.7 mmol/L) yielded ultrafiltrati...
aSmart Ag nanoparticles were continuously formed at 30 V in aqueous solutions. The photos were captured from Supplementary Movie1.bThe absorption spectrum of the Ag nanoparticle colloid in water. Inset: Tyndall effect was observed when a laser beam passing through the colloidal solution.cTransmissio...
They have been used in various DDSs, such as polymers, micelles, liposomes and inorganic nanoparticles, for pH-responsive drug delivery. In practice, the appropriate chemical bond can be selected according to the chemical structure of the drug and the carrier. The following discussion of acid-...
Multinucleated osteoclasts, essential for skeletal remodeling in health and disease, are formed by the fusion of osteoclast precursors, where each fusion event raises their bone-resorbing activity. Here we show that the nuclear RNA chaperone, La protein has an additional function as an osteoclast fus...
A properly designed prodrug carrier should satisfy several requirements, including the following: the prodrug should be inactive or less active than the parent drug; typically, the drug is covalently bonded to the carrier, and the bond between the drug and carrier must be broken in vivo; both ...
“Silver halides are used in photographic film and photographic paper, as well as graphic art film and paper, where silver halide crystals in gelatin are coated on to a film base, glass or paper substrate. The gelatin is a vital part of the emulsion as the protective colloid of appropriate...
The conventional methods include (1) the dip method, in which the substrate is simply immersed in the polymer or colloid solution with intermediate rinsing. This is followed by (2) the spin method and (3) the spray method, which result in faster layer deposition. In the spin method, the ...
Additionally, the lake waters have an excess of F− relative to seawater3 and comminution of sediments produced high F−:Cl− ratios, (Table 3), thus this process may be the source of the excess F−. Hence, at least some of the solute in the lake water previously ascribed to a...
droplet impact will evolve rapidly, with timescales of the order of nanoseconds. Thus, contact angle boundary conditions are not explicitly defined and a zero gradient boundary condition for the water volume fraction on the wall is imposed, as commonly done in literature for these cases. Following...