trepresents the total factor productivity of the firm; the core explanatory variable:Digi,tmeasures the level of digital transformation of the firm;controlsi,tis the set of control variables at the firm level,Firmi: corporate fixed effects,yeart: for year fixed effects have...
The parameter 𝐿L represents the cost of processing more information; thus, 𝛽=1𝐿β=1L represents the decision-maker’s ability to improve their chance of success logically, which supports its being referred to herein as the expertise of the decision-maker. Hence, beliefs (𝑝0𝑖pi0)...
The p variable represents the Player entity, and the t variable represents the related Team entity. The declaration for t references the previously declared p variable. The IN keyword signifies that teams is a collection of related entities. The p.teams expression navigates from a Player to its...
In the cost function defined in Eq. (2), the termC2represents the conformation energy of a 3D polymer model, which is defined using the same strategy as in the previous studies20,36. The termC3is a new term that we add to incorporate the average spatial distance constraints derived from ...
their values are set. For example, every message has a unique identifier, which is represented in the header fieldJMSMessageID. The value of another header field,JMSDestination, represents the queue or the topic to which the message is sent. Other fields include a timestamp and a priority ...
Also, D represents the paragraph embedding matrix and E stands for the word embedding matrix. At the lowest layer, the input paragraph p is mapped to its embedding by a lookup in the D matrix. The hidden context representation is computed by summing the embeddings of the input words and ...
It represents the fundamental interests of all the Chinese, and everything it does is to realize, safeguard and advance their interests. Meeting the people's expectation for a better life is its goal. The people's interests are behind everything the Party does—leading revolution, building the...
In the ICH GCP Guideline the expression Regulatory Authorities includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections (see 1.29). These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent authorities. 有权进行管理的机构。在ICH GCP指导原则中,管理当局一词包括审评所...
This represents a particular instance of annotation and is the central concept of the model. They can be considered the primary nodes of the graph model. The instance of annotation is strictly decoupled from the data or key/value of the annotation (AnnotationData). After all, multiple instances...
touchcopy() is a function which returns a numeric value such that for any join the value is less than cost of a join divided by cardinality of the join output. This function represents the cost of touching the two tuples needed to make the output tuple, and the cost of copying the resu...