Now a function which has a derivative proportional to itself is an exponential, and the solution of this differential equation is n=n_0e^{−mgh/kT} \tag{40.1} Here the constant of integration, n0, is obviously the density at h=0 (which can be chosen anywhere), and the density goes...
It is impossible to derive the interactions between water molecules from a basic equation such as the Schrödinger equation. At present, we can say that the functional form of an intermolecular interaction is determined as follows. Several different types of water models have been proposed. One o...
We realized greater improvements in final product titer as well as improvements in production kinetics in the fed-batch mode using the ambr® 250 system. After administering an initial high-nutrient feed to increase biomass in the reactor, we reduced the feed rate to study indigoidine product fo...
Divergence, which appears in Equation 2, has an important physical significance. It is the rate at which "density" exits a given region of space. In the Navier-Stokes equations, it is applied to the velocity of the flow, and it measures the net change in velocity across a surface...
a 30 meter-long loop of category-5 twisted pairs can reach a speed of 12Gbps, with a drop line rate of 10Gbps. At 50 meters, the capacity drops to 5Gbps. However, reality brings background noise, bridge taps, and radio interference into the equation, and these are among the problems...
InFigure 2, the equation that defines the standard normal distribution is called the probability density function. The t-distribution closely resembles the normal distribution. The shape of a t-distribution depends on a single value called the “degrees of freedom.” The t-distribution with df =...
Equation 2-7 can be re-written to find F1 if all the other quantities are known: Equations 2-8 and 2-9 are the basis for most automatic noise figure analyzers and similar measurement instruments. The device under test (DUT) is always ‘Stage 1’ and the instrumentation connected to the ...
This method can be used to calculate the density of mixed electrolyte solutions, for example, when determining the activity by the Gibbs–Duhem equation. In this case, the condition for applying the method is the complete dissociation of the electrolyte. According to the literature data on the ...
The physiological age of pupae (pxi) was obtained by accumulating the rp(T) as shown in Equation (5). Density curve. The same approach as the SDT density curves above was applied to simulate the daily emergence of adults in relation to temperatures and days. The development rates [by ...
where C is known as the Curie constant (with units emu K mol−1 in cgs or m3 K mol−1 in SI) and θCW (with units K) is often referred to as the Curie–Weiss temperature. This equation captures the tendency for the moments in a paramagnet to align with the external ...