meiosis, and thus they do not have a comparable cost. Mixis and syngamy, the second part of sexual reproduction, vary a lot in different eukaryote groups. Basically, two parental individuals are needed to conduct mixis, karyogamy and syngamy. Many evolutionary biologists put a lot of ...
Meiosis is similar to mitosis in many ways, but there are a couple of important differences. First of all, even though meiosis starts with a diploid cell (a primary oocyte or primary spermatocyte), its end products are 4 haploid daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes. Instead of being c...
Within this specialized closed structure, the cleistothecium, cytoplasmic and nuclear fusion occur followed by successive rounds of meiosis and mitosis generating sac-like asci containing 8 ascospores, the end-product of sexual replication. Generation of congenic strains in H. capsulatum is challenging...
Our study design enabled us to determine whether MLP-induced DNA damage was converted into CSA before the end of meiosis, during postmeiosis, or after fertilization. MLP induces paternal chromosomal damage at first-cleavage zygote metaphase after both meiotic and post-meiotic exposures. Male mice ...
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The green signal in the middle of X+4 has switched its location to the distal end of 1p+4 as a result of the inversion (Figure 1b). Because no inversion loop has been detected during meiosis of male black muntjacs [24], the whole 1p+4 should remain heterosynaptic except for the two...
end of chromosomes are shown in black, while the others are shown in gray. All the density tracks are calculated by the base coverage in continuous 100 kb windows. The density ranges for repeat sequences and genes are both 0 to 1, those for noncoding genes are 0 to 0.40, those for...
To evaluate whether the urate-associated CpGs might have a causal role in influencing serum urate levels or gout, we conducted two-sample MR analyses using meQTLs as genetic instruments of the replicated CpGs. The random assignment of alleles during meiosis mimics treatment allocation in randomized ...
Lipids are essential constituents for malignant tumors, as they are absolutely required for tumor growth and dissemination. Provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME) or by cancer cells themselves through activation of de novo synthesis pathways, they