Park JJ, Howell M, Winseck A, Forger NG (1999) Effects of testosterone on the development of a sexually dimorphic neuro- muscular system in ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor knockout mice. J Neurobiol 41:317-
Complete testicular descent is a sign of, and a prerequisite for, normal testicular function in adult life. The process of testis descent is dependent on gubernacular growth and reorganization, which is regulated by the Leydig cell hormones insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and testosterone. Investig...
1. What is the effect of aging on the inflammatory response? 2. What is the effect of vitamin deficiencies on cell metabolism? What factors determine at what age the consequences of aging become apparent? What are the overall effects of a) aging b) reduced levels o...
Skeletal muscle is derived from the mesoderm. Myogenesis involves a continuous and dynamic series of biosynthetic and restructuring events that result in the molding of fetal tissue, ultimately leading to adult muscle with its distinct metabolic, structu
2 The dose-response effect of testosterone on change in fat-free mass (FFM) and leg press strength after 20 weeks in combination with a resis- tance exercise protocol (redrawn from Bhasin et al.) [65] 394 Rev Endocr Metab Disord (2021) 22:389–405 a placebo-controlled group [75]. ...
Dialysis adequacy has long been viewed as a cornerstone among measures to prevent and treat PEW in maintenance dialysis patients, and a minimum dose of dialysis has been recommended to maintain optimal dietary nutrient intake. On the other hand, studies directly evaluating the effect of increased di...
musculature-themuscularsystemof anorganism muscle system,muscular structure system- agroupofphysiologicallyoranatomicallyrelatedorgansorparts;"thebodyhasasystemoforgansfordigestion" muscular tissue,muscle-animaltissueconsistingpredominantlyofcontractilecells
Table 3. Strength of evidence. □ A (Strong): Strong confidence in the estimated effect □ B (Medium): Moderate confidence in the estimated effect □ C(Weak): Limited confidence in the estimated effect □ D (Very Weak): No confidence in the estimated effect Table 4. Strength of recommenda...
s regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways [9]. In contrast, the effects of testosterone (T) on VSMCs are more complex. T can ...
[167]. A key missing variable from this study design is the effect of sleep deprivation prior to the blast event, or how the simulated blast event disrupts sleep patterns post-blast. This is despite sleep disorders occurring in a high percentage of deployed military personnel [3], as well ...