early Byzantine chronicles – reflecting, interpretation of history as the working out of God's plan for mankindIntroductionGreek and Other Languages in the Early Byzantine PeriodThe Prestige of GreekGreek in the Later Empire'The Koine' in ByzantiumThe Balkan Sprachbund: Future FormationsConclusion...
bringing a conclusive end to the Roman Empire. 为罗马帝国划下句点。 Despite the Ottoman conquest, 尽管被鄂图曼征服, many Greek-speaking inhabitants of the Eastern Mediterranean 许多东地中海说希腊语的居民 continued to call themselves Romans until the early 21st century. 继续称自己是罗马人,直到 21...
In early Byzantine history, the Empire encountered invasions from various barbarian tribes, such as the Gothic invasions led by Odoacer in the 5th century AD, and later the expansion of the Slavs throughout the Balkans. These invasions threatened the Empire's territories and necessitated the develo...
and there's evidence of some inhabitants as recent as the early 20th century. 有迹象表明, 在20世纪初这儿还留住着居民。 However, in the past few decades, these cities have been recognized as international heritage sites requiring care and preservation. 但是,在过去的几十年中,这些城市已被认定为文...
After the adoption of Christianity, Bulgaria became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was further consolidated with the invention of the Glagolitic and Early Cyrillic alphabets shortly after in the capital of Preslav, and literature produced in Old Bulgarian soon began...
Early use of "Greek fire," as shown in a 10th century Byzantine manuscript Fire is caused by a chemical reaction between two or more substances, typically oxygen in the air and some sort of fuel (gasoline, wood, or coal for example). This reaction is triggered by extreme heat, often ...
By the early eighth century, the Byzantine empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and( ) the empire altogether. ...
早年经历与政治生涯(Early life and career) Michael came from a family of Paphlagonian peasants. He worked in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, as a money changer but it was believed that he was also secretly a counterfeiter of coins. One of Michael's brothers, John the...
Byzantine Empire Thesaurus Encyclopedia Wikipedia Byzantine Empire alsoEastern Empire An empire of the eastern Mediterranean region, dating fromad395 when the Roman Empire was partitioned into eastern and western portions. Its extent varied greatly over the centuries, but its core remained the Balkan Pe...
Agrarian relations in the early Byzantine Empire were characterized by the retention of masses of the free peasantry and peasant communes, the widespread extension of the coloni and long-term tenant leases (emphyteuses), and a distribution, more intensive than in the West, of portions of land ...