New mutations that arise in CIEs face a dramatically different population genetic landscape compared to Mendelian elements because there are typically many competing cytoplasmic genomes present inside each cell, and because organellar cytoplasmic elements do not experience segregation, as is the case for n...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, posing a serious public health challenge that necessitates the development of new therapeutics, therapies, and prevention methods. Among the various therapeutic approaches, interventi
A form of regulated endocytosis that involves the nonspecific uptake of extracellular material (such as small soluble molecules, nutrients or antigens) by invagination of the plasma membrane, which is then pinched, resulting in small vesicles in the cytoplasm. Trophoblast Cells that form the outer ...
H. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that USP10 is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas METTL13 is distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus (scale bars = 100 μm). I. Additionally, the docking score between USP10 and METTL13. Data are presented from three independent experiments. ...
is a positive-strand virus, which injects its + ssRNA into the host cell cytoplasm, which rapidly translates into the two replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab [194]. Wu et al. demonstrated that the protease 3Clpro or Mpro is essential for the processing of the replicases [18,...
The first one is disease driven and aims at normalcy, i.e. finding a normal range. The second one is individualized, multidimensional, time and space sensitive and synergistic. At a meeting dedicated to the topic of complex systems these characteristics were described as: “complex, because ...
Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. is a shrub belonging to the Oleaceae family. The peeled woody stems and roots of S. pinnatifolia are used in Chinese traditional medicine. This plant has been used for centuries, and modern pharmacological research has reveale
a Model of mHtt inclusion as mobile phase-separated body: small particles move randomly in the cytoplasm, and are integrated into the inclusion through collision and coalescence. b Model of mHtt inclusion as an IPOD: the IPOD is described as docked at the vacuolar membrane. Active transport al...
A typical human neuron has thousands of complex connections with neighboring neurons, which is essential for normal function, yet the organization of these neurons is still under debate9. The cellular organization in the human neocortex has been described as a local network of vertical columns contai...
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major mechanism by which proteins are degraded in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells and as such is a key player in maintaining protein homeostasis [1]. Proteins destined to be degraded by the UPS are tagged for destruction by conjugation...