The stress that the space environment can induce on plant physiology is of both abiotic and biotic nature. The abiotic space environment is characterized by ionizing radiation and altered gravity, geomagnetic field (GMF), pressure, and light conditions.
Shoots and roots grew similarly with or without microbes (Figure S2). Between 15 and 72 metabolites were detected in the root exudates of young poplar cuttings (Fig. 1A). Eighty percent could be attributed to known metabolites belonging to five main classes of compounds: glycosides (23%), ...
and mutations involved in these processes significantly affect the lateral root development (Fukaki and Tasaka2009; Peret et al.2009). For instance, gain-of-function mutants such asyucca1-D,sur1, andsur2with increased auxin levels produce more lateral roots (Zhao et al.2001; Peret et al.2009...
by means of interaction with RLD family proteins. The activity of PIN proteins allows the movement of auxin out of the cells and the formation of an asymmetrical gradient of the hormone, that causes the inhibition of cell elongation on the lower side...
This trait describes the canopy structure of shoots (Kleyer1995). Shoot growth-forms can be (1) submerged, attached to the substrate; (2) free-floating plants; (3) floating leaves, attached to the substrate; (4) emergent, attached to the substrate (amphibious); (5) stem prostrate; (6)...
Broken Pa'ku Artillery's 'Coordinated Barrage' ability has been updated. Journeyman Bot Handler's 'Push the Machines' ability has been revised to only work on units composed entirely of Bots. The prevents it from being used on Spider Drone units with an Apprentice Handler, but also removes ...
Under drought conditions, ABA is synthesized in the roots and exported to shoots, as well as causing stomatal closure. The exogenous applications of auxin [230] and ethylene [231] are also effective in increasing abiotic stress tolerance; however, doses and stages are species-specific. Seed ...
Finally, we investigated organ specificity as another key for describing the diversity of environmental responses in plants7,8, focusing on shoots and roots. We separated shoot and root after 13 days’ growth and measured their responses against heating and cooling stimuli (4 h, ±10 °C)...
Low temperature (LT) is a major threat that limits growth, development, and distribution leading to plant damage and crop losses. Plants respond to cold stress through a phenomenon known as cold acclimation, which is a complex process involving changes a
Expression patterns of FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 map to bacterial entry sites in plant shoots and roots. J. Exp. Botany 65, 6487–6498 (2014). Boutrot, F. & Zipfel, C. Function, discovery, and exploitation of plant pattern recognition receptors for broad-spectrum disease resistance. Ann. Rev. ...