The brain and the spinal cord are the central nervous system, and they represent the main organs of the nervous system. The spinal cord is a single structure, whereas the adult brain is described in terms of four major regions: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the brain stem, and the cerebe...
In the event of painful stimuli on the body, pain is mediated by processing in the nervous system. The nervous system consists of two subsystems, the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS). The main function of the CNS is the integration and processing of sensory info...
Increased Levels of IL-16 in the Central Nervous System during Neuroinflammation Are Associated with Infiltrating Immune Cells and Resident Glial Cells Biology (Basel), 10 (6) (2021), p. 472, 10.3390/biology10060472 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar Thompson et al., 2008 W.L. Thompson, W.J. Kar...
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Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system [J]. Volume 32. CURR OPIN PHARMACOL; 2017. pp. 32–43. Toczek M, Malinowska B. Enhanced endocannabinoid tone as a potential target of pharmacotherapy [J]. LIFE SCI. 2018;204:20–45. Article CAS PubMed Google ...
Despite the precise system controlling the EM, it is often dysfunctional, including in neurological disorders, because the EM is one of the most complex motor functions for which the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible [14]. Diseases of central nervous structures can result in loss of ...
where thebones of the skullsurround and protect it. The approximately 100 billion neurons of the brain form the main control center of the body. The brain and spinal cord together form the central nervous system (CNS), where information is processed and responses originate. The brain, the seat...
exercised horses at the end of learning. During intense stress or fear conditioning which elicits strong glucocorticoid and noradrenaline release, the activity of the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala facilitate attention on the stressor at the expense of peripheral information84. This can...
this approach has been shown not to cause any detrimental effects on the nasal mucosa or the central nervous system [152]. Although the complex nasal structure, mucociliary clearance, enzymatic degradation within the nasal cavity, and pathological conditions such as rhinitis and the common cold are...
Since the publication of the review by Barger on “The Alkaloids of Ergot” (1938), the study of the effects of ergot alkaloids on the central nervous system has changed its focus from the mere prediction of undesirable side effects, such as emesis or sedation or convulsive ergotism, to the...