The continuity of both primary and secondary chloroplasts is maintained by chloroplast division in eukaryotic host cells. The majority of algal species have one or at most only a few chloroplasts per cell. Thus chloroplast division takes place once per host cell cycle. In addition, as in the ca...
d, Same as in b but colored by the predicted cell cycle state based on Seurat’s CellCycleScoring function. e, Schematic depicting the generation of BootstrapCells for training chronological clocks. From each cell type and sample, 15 cells were sampled and combined to generate one Bootstrap...
The reported and newly identified regulatory genes under the single-cell resolution in this study based on gene differential expression, cell trajectory inference, RNA velocity fate determination, and co-expression gene interaction are labeled in the corresponding module. The red oval represents the ...
After treatment, FITC-labeled dextran was added to the top of the cell monolayer for 20 min, and then FITC-dextran penetrated from the GEC monolayer to the bottom of the wells was measured by relative fluorescence excitation at 485 nm and emission at 530 nm using a fluorescence plate...
Many cancers evade immune surveillance by overexpressing PD-L1. PD-L1 interacted with its receptor PD-1, resulting in reduction of T cell proliferation and activation and thereafter cancer cell death mediated by T-lymphocyte. Understanding the mechanisms
For instance, RAD59, involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in the DNA, has a profile that shows a clear component of feature 2 (labeled as DNA repair by the experts); SNF2, encodes the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has a high value at feature ...
in the mouse colon, green fluorescence-labeled Ri. was applied, in accordance with the results obtained in HC-GM transferring mice, the fluorescence intensity dramatically increased in the colonic segment of adolescent mice gavaged with Ri. in the CTR + Ri and CRS + Ri groups, respec...
Expression values are given in the sheet labeled “transcriptome” (XLSX 5003 kb) Additional file 7: Excel file showing the statistics of the functional enrichment analysis using the DAVID tool. Number of genes counted for each term (count) P-values, list of genes counted (Genes), p adjust ...
To cluster cells, we used UMAP78 followed by the Walktrap community finding algorithm79 to reduce the dimensionality of the data and pull together similar cell populations into separated clusters which can then be labeled. To annotate the main clusters, we used the expression of Adgre1, Ptprc,...
Here, we found that cholecystokinin (CCK)-labeled duodenal neuropod cells differentiate and transduce luminal stimuli from sweeteners and sugars to the vagus nerve using sweet taste receptors and sodium glucose transporters. The two stimulus types elicited distinct neural pathways: while sweetener ...