The casual effects of management compensation incentives on corporate social & environmental responsibility are explored based on the panel data of Chinese energy enterprises from 2010 to 2021 using the instrumental variable estimation method. The results indicate that management salary incentives can ...
as long as the individual prefecture-level cities are not so important that their internal demand shocks are significantly correlated with internet development in China as a whole, the Bartik instrument is valid.
Bartik instrumental variables (Goldsmith-Pinkham et al., 2020; Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Hong et al., 2022) were employed to formulate the urban robot density indicator (\(R{obo}{t}_{ct}\)). Data on robot inventories across various industrial sectors were provided...
(1) The study derives inspiration from Bartik's instrumental variables [15], constructing a new regional industrial robot penetration index, using robotics from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and Chinese labour employment structural data from 2010 to 2019. We evaluate AI's influence ...
The region-level import shock for region r, ΔtrC is constructed from the industry-level import shock and the Bartik instrument, as in Eq. (2).(2)ΔtrC≡∑iEi,r,2006Er,2006ΔtiC,where Ei,r,2006 is industry i’s total number of jobs in region r and Er,2006is the total number of...
3Data and method 3.1The context—Brazil Self-employment activity in Brazil is significant. Based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey, about 40% or 52 million Brazilians were engaged in some type of entrepreneurial activity. According to World Bank data, between 2006 and 2018, Braz...
Bartik, Timothy J., and Nathan Sotherland, "Local Job Multipliers in the United States: Variation with Local Characteristics and with High-Tech Shocks," Up- john Institute Working Paper 19-301, 2019. BEA, "Activities of US Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2015," Survey of ...
Following Acemoglu and Restrepo27, the penetration of industrial robots in the US is used as an instrumental variable to test the robustness using the two-stage least squares method (2SLS). The choice is based on two primary considerations. First of all, the development degree and application ...
(2022) use an instrumental variables strategy to estimate the effect of for-profit enrollment relative to public enrollment on student debt and default as well as on labor market outcomes. Their instrument is comprised of a Bartik-style shift-share labor demand instrument interacted with the share...
To address these concerns, we used the DID method controlling the fixed effects to estimate the ATT of the emergency response during the pandemic on the industry electricity consumption. Fixed effects include the time fixed effect and county fixed effect. The parallel trend assumption is tested by...