2021年6月9日，据美国《纽约邮报》报道，美国国家地理学会8日庆祝“世界海洋日”的到来，同时它宣布，南极洲周围海域将被称为南大洋，也就是世界第五大洋。《南极条约》 the Antarctic treaty1959年12月1日订于华盛顿，1961年6月23日生效。1983年6月8日中国加入。条约的主要内容是：南极洲仅用于和平目的，促进在...
This paper examines the geopolitics behind the decisions of Malaysia and other major states to embrace the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. By agreeing to accede to the Antarctic Treaty on 12 January 2011, Malaysia has made a 180-degree turn in its Antarctic policy – from being intransigent to seeking ...
The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to Antarctica and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the signing of the treaty, nevertheless security continues to driv...
The article offers information on the Antarctic Treaty which was signed on December 1, 1959 by twelve countries including the U.S., France and the Soviet Union for the use of the continent for peaceful purposes and the prohibition for establishment of military base...
Under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty no country can exercise sovereignty over any part of the continent and its waters are international. Some rules on tourism have been written under the treaty: cruise ships carrying over 500 passengers cannot make landings, for example. But these are not legally ...
The Antarctic Treaty System - Erga Omnes or Inter Partes? The Antarctic Treaty was concluded by twelve states in Washington on 1 December 1959. Although the Antarctic Treaty has a limited number of parties, its impact has been considerable and lauded, but also questioned. A number of internatio...
In fact, the Antarctic Treaty System, grown out of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, has been able to protect the Antarctic region in the past. Protecting the Antarctic Commons. Problems of economic efficiency Antarctica is subject to a web of treaties and sovereign claims under the Antarctic Treaty...
INTRODUCTIONTheAntarcticTreatywasadoptedin1959todealwithageopoliticalvac-uumaroundthesoutherncontinentthatwasasourceo tensionandconfict.Itwas..
The Antarctic Treaty of 1959, signed by 12 nations, prohibited military operations on the continent and provided for the interchange of scientific data. Ant·arc′tic adj. & n. Usage Note: When pronounced carefully, Antarctica has two (t) sounds and two (k) sounds. In our 2005 survey, ...
Since the Antarctic Treaty was negotiated in 1959, it has undergone major substantive legal transformations as it grew into a multifaceted regime known as the Antarctic Treaty system. Many of those transformations stemmed from actions by the principal decision makers, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative ...