Electron configuration: Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1Oxidation state: 3,1Crystal structure: Hexagonal Thallium was discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by Sir William Crookes. Very soft and malleable, thallium can be cut with a knife at room temperature. This element exhibits a metallic luster...
A thallium atom has 81 electrons, arranged in the electron configuration [Xe]4f145d106s26p1; of these, the three outermost electrons in the sixth shell are valence electrons. Due to the inert pair effect, the 6s electron pair is relativistically stabilised and it is more difficult to get t...
The monovalent thallium ion, with its relatively large ionic radius (1.50 Å for a 6-coordinate ion), has only weak electrostatic interactions with its ligands. The valence-shell electronic configuration of d10s2 with a lone pair makes the covalent interactions weak as well. Overall, the thall...
It is the only element to form a stable singly charged cation with the outer electron configuration (n-1)d10ns2, which is, unusually enough, not an inert gas configuration. In water the colourless, more stable thallous ion, Tl+, resembles the heavier alkali metal ions and silver; the ...
Different from closed shell species, we also use the complete open shell configuration interaction (COSCI) method to calculate the ground-state energies of opened shell species (Tl0 and Pb0 with the electron configuration as [Xe]4f145d106s26p1 and [Xe]4f145d106s26p2, respectively ). With ...
(the 6s2electrons remain unused). It is the only element to form a stable singly chargedcationwith the outerelectron configuration(n-1)d10ns2, which is, unusually enough, not aninert gasconfiguration. In water the colourless, more stable thallous ion, Tl+, resembles the heavieralkali meta...