Tetanus is a neurologic disease characterized by spastic paralysis. It is caused by a toxin, tetanus toxin (TeNT), which is produced by an environmental and sporulating anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium tetani. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment, ...
In central neurons: The entire toxin molecule is internalized into presynaptic cells and, in a process requiring the HN fragment, the Lc is released from the endosome. The metalloprotease activity of the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) light chain cleaves the neuron- specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-...
Tetanus toxinis another highly potent toxin produced by the clostridial family of bacterium (Clostridium tetani). Likebotulinum toxin,tetanus toxinbinds to the presynaptic motor nerve terminal and disrupts the release ofACh(Duchen and Tonge 1973; Habermannet al.1980).MEPPfrequency is reduced and nerv...
Tetanus toxinMonoclonal antibodyBinding characteristicsProtectionAntibodies capable to neutralize tetanus toxin (TeNT) are key factors in protection against tetanus disease. Although antibody-based therapeutics for treatment of tetanus exist on the market its production is tedious. Hence, the tetanus-specific...
Four potent native human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting distinct epitopes on tetanus toxin (TeNT) are isolated with neutralization potency ranging from approximately 17 mg to 6 mg each that are equivalent to 250 IU of human anti-TeNT immunoglobulin. TT0170 binds fragment B, and TT0069 and...
. The toxin neutralizing humAbs were identified using phage display libraries or by screening antibody producing cells isolated from human individuals that were treated in adult age with the tetanus toxoid vaccine. The isolated humAbs recognize different epitopes in different domains of TeNT with ...
We sought to fill this gap by determining the pH regulation of this compartment in living motor neurons using a chimera of the tetanus toxin binding fragment (TENT HC) and a pH-sensitive variant of the green fluorescent protein (ratiometric pHluorin). We have demonstrated that moving retrograde...
Shows that the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) enters hippocampal neurons by means of the physiological process of synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling and that vesicle acidification is essential for the toxin translocation in the cytosol. TeNT is internalized at nerve terminals; TeNT uptake in developing hippoca...
of its most powerful strain could kill a full-grown adult. During the war, Canada produced over 25,000 doses of the toxoid while the United States produced over 1 million units. Natural occurring botulinum outbreaks are rare, but governments have always feared the use of the toxin as a bio...
In immune individuals it is expected that low doses of TeNT, equivalent to those used for BoNT therapy, would be ineffective. In a model using mice either passively or actively immunised against the toxin, local tetany could only be induced with over 10,000 times the dose required in naïv...